Health Education and Health Promotion

Development of a Web-Based Health Literacy Promotion Model for Anemia Prevention among Public Health and Allied Health Sciences Students: A PAOR-Based Study

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

W. Raksamat
W. Intharachuti
S. Pupjain
S. Wirattanapokin
K. Maleelai
Abstract
Aims: To develop and refine a web-based health literacy promotion model for anemia prevention among public health and allied health sciences students using Planning–Action–Observation–Reflection (PAOR).

Methods: This single-group Phase 2 developmental study integrated a preceding situational assessment, a 12-student focus group and a six-domain framework. Three experts evaluated the prototype, followed by an eight-week try-out with 30 students, including one week of orientation. Participants completed paired 45-item health-literacy assessments. Six exploratory paired Wilcoxon comparisons were unadjusted for multiplicity.

Findings: Expert review yielded 39 item-level judgments: 76.9% Very good, 20.5% Pass and 2.6% Needs improvement. Overall student user-experience ratings were very high (mean 4.68, SD=0.23). All 30 participants had matched assessments, with higher mean scores across six domains and the largest descriptive increase in communication (+1.13); all unadjusted p-values were <.01. Font presentation and AI voice clarity were refined before try-out, and correct-answer quiz feedback afterward. Smartphone optimization remained deferred.

Conclusion: The PAOR process supported systematic prototype development, preliminary acceptability and exploratory within-person health-literacy change. The uncontrolled design does not demonstrate causal effectiveness; controlled evaluation and smartphone usability testing are needed.

Keywords

Anemia
Health Literacy
Health Promotion
Internet-Based Intervention
Artificial Intelligence
Students
Subjects