Volume 10, Issue 4 (2022)
Health Educ Health Promot 2022, 10(4): 679-685 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Charkazi A, Allah Kalteh E, Yatimparvar G, Rahimzadeh H, Koochaki G, Shahini N, et al . Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy and its Associated Factors based on the Health Belief Model among Iranian People in 2021. Health Educ Health Promot 2022; 10 (4) :679-685
URL: http://hehp.modares.ac.ir/article-5-60610-en.html
URL: http://hehp.modares.ac.ir/article-5-60610-en.html
A. Charkazi1, E. Allah Kalteh2, G. Yatimparvar2, H. Rahimzadeh1, Gh. Koochaki3, N. Shahini4, M. Ahmadi-Livani5, A. Rajabi * 
6
6
1- “Environmental Health Research Center” and “Faculty of Health”, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
2- Infectious Disease Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
3- Department of Operating Room, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
4- Golestan Research Center of Psychiatry (GRCP), Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
5- Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
6- “Health Management and Social Development Research Center” and “Faculty of Health”, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
2- Infectious Disease Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
3- Department of Operating Room, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
4- Golestan Research Center of Psychiatry (GRCP), Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
5- Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
6- “Health Management and Social Development Research Center” and “Faculty of Health”, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
Abstract: (1434 Views)
Aims: COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy is a public health concern in the world. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of vaccination hesitancy and its relevant factors using the health belief model among people in northeast Iran.
Instrument & Methods: The present cross-sectional study examined 626 people using convenience sampling. Data were collected through an online survey using a questionnaire based on the health belief model at intervals of 10 September 2021 and 15 October 2021. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 16.
Findings: Overall, 70.6% of the samples reported that they would use the vaccine for free after it becomes available. Health belief model constructs predicted 40% of the variance of vaccination behavioral intention. The results indicated that the perceived barriers were significantly related to using the vaccine, thereby reducing the probability of using the vaccine by 10% (Relative Risk Ratio=0.90, 95% CI: 0.82-0.99). Perceived benefits (Relative Risk Ratio =1.21, 95% CI: 1.11-1.32), perceived susceptibility (Relative Risk Ratio =1.54, 95% Cl: 1.23-1.92), and behavioral intention (Relative Risk Ratio =3.06, 95% CI: 2.23-4.20) had a significant relationship with the probability of using the vaccine.
Conclusion: About one-third of the participants had COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy. Interventions are necessary to increase compliance with vaccination, especially among people with low education levels. The health belief model constructs have a high power of predicting hesitancy and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination and can be used in intervention programs.
Instrument & Methods: The present cross-sectional study examined 626 people using convenience sampling. Data were collected through an online survey using a questionnaire based on the health belief model at intervals of 10 September 2021 and 15 October 2021. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 16.
Findings: Overall, 70.6% of the samples reported that they would use the vaccine for free after it becomes available. Health belief model constructs predicted 40% of the variance of vaccination behavioral intention. The results indicated that the perceived barriers were significantly related to using the vaccine, thereby reducing the probability of using the vaccine by 10% (Relative Risk Ratio=0.90, 95% CI: 0.82-0.99). Perceived benefits (Relative Risk Ratio =1.21, 95% CI: 1.11-1.32), perceived susceptibility (Relative Risk Ratio =1.54, 95% Cl: 1.23-1.92), and behavioral intention (Relative Risk Ratio =3.06, 95% CI: 2.23-4.20) had a significant relationship with the probability of using the vaccine.
Conclusion: About one-third of the participants had COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy. Interventions are necessary to increase compliance with vaccination, especially among people with low education levels. The health belief model constructs have a high power of predicting hesitancy and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination and can be used in intervention programs.
Article Type: Descriptive & Survey |
Subject:
Health Promotion Approaches
Received: 2022/04/5 | Accepted: 2022/07/24 | Published: 2022/09/18
Received: 2022/04/5 | Accepted: 2022/07/24 | Published: 2022/09/18
References
1. MacDonald NE. Vaccine hesitancy: definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine. 2015;33(34):4161-4. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036]
2. Karafillakis E, Larson HJ, ADVANCE consortium. The benefit of the doubt or doubts over benefits? A systematic literature review of perceived risks of vaccines in European populations. Vaccine. 2017;35(37):4840-50. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.061]
3. Muñoz DC, Llamas LM, Bosch-Capblanch X. Exposing concerns about vaccination in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Int J Public Health. 2015;60(7):767-80. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s00038-015-0715-6]
4. European Parliament. European parliament resolution of 19 April 2018 on vaccine hesitancy and drop in vaccination rates in Europe (2017/2951 RSP). Strasbourg: European Parliament; 2018. [Link]
5. Akbar R. Ten threats to global health in 2019 [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019 [Cited 2022 Jun 10]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/ten-threats-to-global-health-in-2019. [Link]
6. Lane S, MacDonald NE, Marti M, Dumolard L. Vaccine hesitancy around the globe: analysis of three years of WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form data-2015-2017. Vaccine. 2018;36(26):3861-7. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.063]
7. Larson HJ, Jarrett C, Eckersberger E, Smith DMD, Paterson P. Understanding vaccine hesitancy around vaccines and vaccination from a global perspective: a systematic review of published literature, 2007-2012. Vaccine. 2014;32(19):2150-9. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.081]
8. Enserink M, Cohen J. Fact-checking Judy Mikovits, the controversial virologist attacking Anthony Fauci in a viral conspiracy video [Internet]. Science; 2020 [Cited 2022 Jun 10]. Available from: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/05/fact-checking-judy-mikovits-controversial-virologist-attacking-anthony-fauci-viral [Link] [DOI:10.1126/science.abc7103]
9. Cornwall W. Officials gird for a war on vaccine misinformation. Science. 2020;369(6499):14-5. [Link] [DOI:10.1126/science.369.6499.14]
10. Larson HJ, Clarke RM, Jarrett C, Eckersberger E, Levine Z, Schulz WS, et al. Measuring trust in vaccination: a systematic review. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018;14(7):1599-609. [Link] [DOI:10.1080/21645515.2018.1459252]
11. Xiao X, Wong RM. Vaccine hesitancy and perceived behavioral control: a meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2020;38(33):5131-8. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.076]
12. Gidengil CA, Parker AM, Zikmund-Fisher BJ. Trends in risk perceptions and vaccination intentions: a longitudinal study of the first year of the H1N1 pandemic. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(4):672-9. [Link] [DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300407]
13. Setbon M, Raude J. Factors in vaccination intention against the pandemic influenza A/H1N1. Eur J Public Health. 2010;20(5):490-4. [Link] [DOI:10.1093/eurpub/ckq054]
14. Halpin C, Reid B. Attitudes and beliefs of healthcare workers about influenza vaccination. Nurs Older People. 2019 March. [Link] [DOI:10.7748/nop.2019.e1154]
15. Sun X, Wagner AL, Ji J, Huang Z, Zikmund-Fisher BJ, Boulton ML, et al. A conjoint analysis of stated vaccine preferences in Shanghai, China. Vaccine. 2020;38(6):1520-5. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.062]
16. Wagner AL, Boulton ML, Sun X, Mukherjee B, Huang Z, Harmsen IA, et al. Perceptions of measles, pneumonia, and meningitis vaccines among caregivers in Shanghai, China, and the health belief model: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr. 2017;17:143. [Link] [DOI:10.1186/s12887-017-0900-2]
17. Nichter M. Vaccinations in the third world: a consideration of community demand. Soc Sci Med. 1995;41(5):617-32. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/0277-9536(95)00034-5]
18. Yufika A, Wagner AL, Nawawi Y, Wahyuniati N, Anwar S, Yusri F, et al. Parents' hesitancy towards vaccination in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study in Indonesia. Vaccine. 2020;38(11):2592-9. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.072]
19. Hillers VN, Medeiros L, Kendall P, Chen G, DiMASCOLA S. Consumer food-handling behaviors associated with prevention of 13 foodborne illnesses. J Food Prot. 2003;66(10):1893-9. [Link] [DOI:10.4315/0362-028X-66.10.1893]
20. Strecher VJ, Rosenstock IM. The health belief model. In: Samuel A, Sheeran P. Cambridge handbook of psychology, health and medicine. Unknown city: Curtin Research Publications; 1997. [Link]
21. Hossain MB, Alam MZ, Islam MS, Sultan S, Faysal MM, Rima S, et al. Health Belief, Planned Behavior, or Psychological Antecedents: What predicts COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy better among the Bangladeshi Adults? medRxiv. 2021. [Link] [DOI:10.1101/2021.04.19.21255578]
22. Lazarus JV, Ratzan SC, Palayew A, Gostin LO, Larson HJ, Rabin K, et al. A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Nat Med. 2021;27(2):225-8. [Link] [DOI:10.1038/s41591-020-1124-9]
23. Al-Mohaithef M, Padhi BK. Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Saudi Arabia: a web-based national survey. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2020;13:1657-63. [Link] [DOI:10.2147/JMDH.S276771]
24. Geana MV, Anderson S, Ramaswamy M. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among women leaving jails: a qualitative study. Public Health Nurs. 2021;38(5):892-6. [Link] [DOI:10.1111/phn.12922]
25. Shmueli L. Predicting intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine among the general population using the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior model. BMC Public Health. 2021;21:804. [Link] [DOI:10.1186/s12889-021-10816-7]
26. Dror AA, Eisenbach N, Taiber S, Morozov NG, Mizrachi M, Zigron A, et al. Vaccine hesitancy: the next challenge in the fight against COVID-19. Eur J Epidemiol. 2020;35(8):775-9. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s10654-020-00671-y]
27. Reiter PL, Pennell ML, Katz ML. Acceptability of a COVID-19 vaccine among adults in the United States: How many people would get vaccinated?. Vaccine. 2020;38(42):6500-7. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.043]
28. Prickett KC, Habibi H, Carr PA. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and acceptance in a cohort of diverse New Zealanders. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2021;14:100241. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100241]
29. Schwarzinger M, Watson V, Arwidson P, Alla F, Luchini S. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a representative working-age population in France: a survey experiment based on vaccine characteristics. Lancet Public Health. 2021;6(4):e210-e21. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00012-8]
30. Paul E, Steptoe A, Fancourt D. Attitudes towards vaccines and intention to vaccinate against COVID-19: implications for public health communications. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2021;1:100012. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.lanepe.2020.100012]
31. Sallam M, Dababseh D, Eid H, Al-Mahzoum K, Al-Haidar A, Taim D, et al. High rates of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its association with conspiracy beliefs: a study in Jordan and Kuwait among other Arab countries. Vaccines. 2021;9(1):42. [Link] [DOI:10.3390/vaccines9010042]
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |