Volume 11, Issue 1 (2023)                   Health Educ Health Promot 2023, 11(1): 173-180 | Back to browse issues page


XML Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Yaaqoob B, Kadhem S. Evaluating the Level of Knowledge of University Students about Diabetes Mellitus. Health Educ Health Promot 2023; 11 (1) :173-180
URL: http://hehp.modares.ac.ir/article-5-55911-en.html
1- College of Health and Medical Technology, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq
Abstract:   (608 Views)
Aims: Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by chronic elevation of glucose in the blood. This disease is currently considered a major public health challenge worldwide, and raising awareness of risk factors and complications associated with diabetes has been a common strategy for controlling disease incidence. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge level about diabetes and its relationship with demographic factors in students of Health and Medical Technology University in Baghdad City.
Instruments & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 119 students of Health and Medical Technology University in Baghdad City, during 2021-2022. Data were collected using a research-made questionnaire consisting of two sections: The first section included demographic information, and the second section included diabetes information. The knowledge levels were classified into three classes: adequate, acceptable, and inadequate. A logistic regression test was used to investigate the contribution of demographic variables to the knowledge level of subjects. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software.
Findings: 47.1% of respondents had adequate knowledge, 27.7% had acceptable knowledge, and 25.2% had inadequate knowledge. The contribution of four demographic factors, including age, gender, habitat, and family history of diabetes, in the adequate knowledge level of the subjects was 88%, 78%, 77%, and 81%, respectively (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The knowledge of the students of Health and Medical Technology University in Baghdad City about diabetes is at an adequate level. Four demographic factors, including age, gender, habitat, and family history of diabetes, play a role in the adequate knowledge level.

 
Full-Text [PDF 926 kb]   (661 Downloads) |   |   Full-Text (HTML)  (242 Views)  
Article Type: Original Research | Subject: Health Communication
Received: 2022/09/25 | Accepted: 2023/01/28 | Published: 2023/04/4
* Corresponding Author Address: College of Health and Medical Technology, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq. (banalbadran@gmail.com)

References
1. Shi Y, Hu FB. The global implications of diabetes and cancer. Lancet. 2014;7(383):1947-8. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60886-2]
2. Solis-Herrera C, Triplitt C, Reasner C, DeFronzo RA, Cersosimo E. Classification of diabetes mellitus. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, Boyce A, Chrousos G, Corpas E, et al., editors. Endotext. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2018. [Link]
3. Bell KJ, Smart CE, Steil GM, Brand Miller J, King B, Wolpert HA. Impact of fat, protein, and glycemic index on postprandial glucose control in type 1 diabetes: implications for intensive diabetes management in the continuous glucose monitoring era. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(6):1008-15. [Link] [DOI:10.2337/dc15-0100]
4. Masoudi R, Kheiri S, Ali Akbari F, Eslami AA, Rabie L. Psychometrics and validation of the Iranian version of the diabetes health literacy assessment questionnaire. Iran J Diabetes Metab. 2020;19(6):353-45. [Persian] [Link]
5. Bayat F, Shojaeezadeh D, Baikpour M, Heshmat R, Baikpour M, Hosseini M. The effects of education based on extended health belief model in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized controlled trial. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2013;12(1):45 [Link] [DOI:10.1186/2251-6581-12-45]
6. American Diabetes Association. Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2017. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(5):917-28. [Link] [DOI:10.2337/dci18-0007]
7. Davies MJ, Heller S, Skinner TC, Campbell MJ, Carey ME, Cradock S, et al. Effectiveness of the diabetes education and self-management for ongoing and newly diagnosed (DESMOND) programme for people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2008;336(7642):491-5. [Link] [DOI:10.1136/bmj.39474.922025.BE]
8. Poulsen P, Kyvik KO, Vaag A, Nielsen-Beck H. Heritability of type II diabetes mellitus and abnormal glucose tolerance - a population-based twin study. Diabetologia. 1999;42(2):139-45. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s001250051131]
9. UKPDS. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998;352(9131):837-53. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07019-6]
10. Shrivastava SR, Shrivastava PS, Ramasamy J. Role of self-care in management of diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2013;12:14. [Link] [DOI:10.1186/2251-6581-12-14]
11. Waheedi M, Awad A, Hatoum HT, Enlund H. The relationship between patients' knowledge of diabetes therapeutic goals and self-management behaviour, including adherence. Int J Clin Pharm. 2017;39(1):45-51. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s11096-016-0375-5]
12. Chavan GM, Waghachavare VB, Gore AD, Chavan VM, Dhobale RV, Dhumale GB. Knowledge about diabetes and relationship between compliance to the management among the diabetic patients from Rural Area of Sangli District, Maharashtra, India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2015;4(3):439-43. [Link] [DOI:10.4103/2249-4863.161349]
13. Okonta HI, Ikombele JB, Ogunbanjo GA. Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding lifestyle modification in type 2 diabetic patients. Afr J Prim Health Care Amp Fam Med. 2014;6(1):E1-6. [Link] [DOI:10.4102/phcfm.v6i1.655]
14. Wajid S, Samreen S, Sales I, Bawazeer G, Mahmoud MA, Aljohani MA. What has changed in the behaviors of the public after the COVID-19 pandemic? a cross-sectional study from the Saudi community perspective. Front Public Health. 2022;10:723229. [Link] [DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2022.723229]
15. Syed W, Alharbi MK, Samarkandi OA, Alsadoun A, Al-Rawi MBA, Iqbal A, et al. Evaluation of knowledge, awareness, and factors associated with diabetes: a cross-sectional community-based study. Int J Endocrinol. 2022;2022;1921010. [Link] [DOI:10.1155/2022/1921010]
16. Murugesan NSC, Shobhana R, Roglic G, Ramachandran A. Awareness about diabetes and its complications in the general and diabetic population in a city in Southern India. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007;77(3):433-7. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2007.01.004]
17. Haas L, Maryniuk M, Beck J, Cox CE, Duker P, Edwards L, et al. National standard for diabetes self-management education and support. Diabetes Care. 2014;37 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S144-53. [Link] [DOI:10.2337/dc14-S144]
18. Nehad MH, Istabraq DAA, Jyothi V, Hussain Y, Umar FU. Assessment of knowledge and awareness of diabetic and non-diabetic population towards diabetes mellitus in Kaduna, Nigeria. J Adv Sci Res. 2012;3(3):46-50 [Link]
19. Palanisamy S, ArulKumaran KSG, Rajasekaran A. Knowledge assessment in adverse drug reactions and reporting. Arch Pharm Pract. 2014;4(3):104-19. [Link] [DOI:10.4103/2045-080X.119063]
20. Singh A, Shenoy S, Sandhu JS. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among urban Sikh population of Amritsar. Ind J Community Med. 2016;41(4):263-7. [Link] [DOI:10.4103/0970-0218.193338]
21. Acharya KG, Shah KN, Solanki ND, Rana DA. Evaluation of antidiabetic prescriptions, cost, and adherence to treatment guidelines: A prospective, cross-sectional study at a tertiary care teaching hospital. J Basic Clin Pharm. 2013;4(4):82-7. [Link] [DOI:10.4103/0976-0105.121653]
22. Tuomilehto J, Lindström J, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, Hämäläinen H, Ilanne-Parikka P, et al. Prevention of type 2 diabetesmellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impairedglucose tolerance. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(18):1343-50. [Link] [DOI:10.1056/NEJM200105033441801]
23. American Diabetes Association. The prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care. 2002;25(4):742-9. [Link] [DOI:10.2337/diacare.25.4.742]
24. Asmamaw A, Asres G, Negese D, Fekadu A, Assefa G. Knowledge and attitude about diabetes mellitus and its associated factors among people in Debre Tabor town, Northwest Ethiopia: Cross sectional study. Sci J Public Health. 2015;3(2):199-209. [Link] [DOI:10.11648/j.sjph.20150302.17]
25. Islam FMA, Chakrabarti R, Dirani M, Islam MT, Ormsby G, Wahab M, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practice of diabetes in rural Bangladesh: the Bangladesh Population based Diabetes and Eye Study (BPDES). PLoS One 2014;9(10):e110368 [Link] [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0110368]
26. Kiberenge MW, Ndegwa ZM, Njenga EW, Muchemi EW. Knowledge, attitude, and practices related to diabetes among community members in four provinces in Kenya: a cross-sectional study. Pan Afr Med J. 2010;7:2. [Link] [DOI:10.4314/pamj.v7i1.69095]
27. Gazzaz ZJ. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding diabetes mellitus among university students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2020;13:5071-8. [Link] [DOI:10.2147/DMSO.S287459]
28. Ahmed IB, Binnwejim MS, Alnahas TM, et al. Level of diabetic patients' knowledge of diabetes mellitus, its complications and management. Arch Pharm Pract. 2019;39:981-9. [Link]
29. Cheekati V, Osburne RC, Jameson KA, Cook CB. Perceptions of resident physicians about management of inpatient hyperglycemia in an urban hospital. J Hosp Med. 2009;4(1):E1-83. [Link] [DOI:10.1002/jhm.383]
30. Tang JW, Freed B, Baker T, Kleczek J, Tartaglia K, Laiteerapong N, et al. Internal medicine residents' comfort with and frequency of providing dietary counseling to diabetic patients. J Gen Intern Med. 2009;24(10):1140-3. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s11606-009-1084-8]
31. Rubin DJ, Moshang J, Jabbour SA. Diabetes knowledge: are resident physicians and nurses adequately prepared to manage diabetes? Endocr Pract. 2007;13(1):17-21. [Link] [DOI:10.4158/EP.13.1.17]
32. Heisler M, Pietee JD, Spencer M, Kieffer E, Vijan S. The relationship between knowledge of recent HbA1c values and diabetes care understanding and self-management. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(4):816-22. [Link] [DOI:10.2337/diacare.28.4.816]
33. Ikizek M. Assessment of diabetes knowledge levels in university students. J Soc Analyt Health. 2022;2(2). [Link]
34. Alanazi F, Alotaibi J, Paliadelis P, Alqarawi N, Alsharari A, Albagawi B. Knowledge and awareness of diabetes mellitus and its risk factors in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2018;39:981-9. [Link] [DOI:10.15537/smj.2018.10.22938]
35. Alamri O. Knowledge of diabetes characteristics by students at university of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. Health. 2021;13(4):393-404. [Link] [DOI:10.4236/health.2021.134032]
36. Kwiendacz H, Nabrdalik K, Brzoza Z, Stokłosa I, Stokłosa M, Bugajski M, et al. Knowledge about diabetes mellitus among Polish medical students. Clin Diabetol. 2020;9(4):245-52. [Link] [DOI:10.5603/DK.2020.0023]
37. Balla SA, Abu Ahmed H, Awadelkareem MA. Prevalence of diabetes, knowledge and attitude of rural population towards diabetes and hypoglycaemic event, Sudan 2013. Am J Health Res. 2021;2(6):356-60. [Link] [DOI:10.11648/j.ajhr.20140206.16]
38. Xu Y, Zhang D, Liu K, Guo Y, Yang Y. Self-reported knowledge on diabetes and its related factors among Chinese college students: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e011963. [Link] [DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011963]
39. Choi J, Choi JY, Lee SA, Lee KM, Shin A, Oh J, et al. Association between family history of diabetes and clusters of adherence to healthy behaviors: cross-sectional results from the health examinees-gem (hexa-g) study. Public Health Res. 2019;9(6):e025477. [Link] [DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025477]
40. Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EA, et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(6):393-403. [Link] [DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa012512]
41. Lv J, Yu C, Guo Y, Bian , Yang L, Chan Y, et al. Adherence to a healthy lifestyle and the risk of type 2 diabetes in Chinese adults. Int J Epidemiol. 2017;46(5):1410-20. [Link] [DOI:10.1093/ije/dyx074]
42. Ferrer R, Klein WM. Risk perceptions and health behavior. Curr Opin Psychol. 2015;5:85-9. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.03.012]
43. Darlow S, Goodman MS, Stafford JD, Lachance CR, Kaphingst KA. Weight perceptions and perceived risk for diabetes and heart disease among overweight and obese women, Suffolk County, New York, 2008. Prev Chronic Dis. 2012;9:E81. [Link] [DOI:10.5888/pcd9.110185]
44. Aldekhayel G. An assessment of the diabetic knowledge, attitude, and practice of school teachers in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. J Diabetes Mellitus. 2020;10(3);132-53. [Link] [DOI:10.4236/jdm.2020.103012]
45. Gulabani M, John M, Isaac R. Knowledge of diabetes, its treatment and complications amongst diabetic patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Indian J Community Med. 2008;33(3):204-6. [Link] [DOI:10.4103/0970-0218.42068]
46. Sahile LZ, Shifraew MR, Sahile MZ. Diabetic self-care knowledge and associated factors among adult diabetes mellitus patients on follow-up care at North Shewa Zone Government Hospitals, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2020. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021;14:2111-9. [Link] [DOI:10.2147/DMSO.S298336]
47. Sękowski K, Grudziąż-Sękowska J, Pinkas J, Jankowski M. Public knowledge and awareness of diabetes mellitus, its risk factors, complications, and prevention methods among adults in Poland-A 2022 nationwide cross-sectional survey. Front. Public Health. 2022;10:1029358. [Link] [DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1029358]
48. Al-Mahrooqi B, Al-Hadhrami R, Al-Amri A, Al-Tamimi S, Al-Shidhani A, Al-Lawati H, et al. Self-reported knowledge of diabetes among high school students in Al-Amerat and Quriyat, Muscat Governate, Oman. Sultan Qaboos Med J. 2013;13(3):392-8. [Link] [DOI:10.12816/0003261]
49. Borges TT, Rombaldi AJ, Knuth AG, Hallal PC. Knowledge on risk factors for chronic diseases: a population-based study. Cad Saude Publica. 2009 Jul;25(7):1511-20. [Portuguese] [Link] [DOI:10.1590/S0102-311X2009000700009]
50. dos Santos PF, dos Santos PR, Ferrari GSL, Fonseca GAA, Ferrari CKB. Knowledge of diabetes mellitus: Does gender make a difference? Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(4):199-203. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.phrp.2014.06.004]
51. Demaio AR, Otgontuya D, de Courten M, Bygbjerg IC, Enkhtuya P, Oyunbileg J, et al. Exploring knowledge, attitudes and practices related to diabetes in Mongolia: a national population-based survey. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:236. [Link] [DOI:10.1186/1471-2458-13-236]
52. Mohsen F, Safieh H, Shibani M, Ismail H, Alzabibi MA, Armashi H, et al. Assessing diabetes mellitus knowledge among Syrian medical students: A cross-sectional study. Heliyon. 2021;7(9):e08079. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08079]
53. Sabri AA, Qayyum MA, Saigol NU, Zafar K, Aslam F. Comparing knowledge of diabetes mellitus among rural and urban diabetics. Mcgill J Med. 2007;10(2):87-9. [Link] [DOI:10.26443/mjm.v10i2.741]

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.