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The pattern in the last few decades, especially in countries and regions located in the desert of the earth are considered, as a reflection of climate change. A situation that threatens security, stability and development in many areas due to reduced rainfall and water scarcity. Iran has also been strongly influenced by these events and changes in its attitude towards its geographical position during the last decade and half. Southeastern Iran with center (Sistan and Baluchestan Province) which has been a region with low rainfall, daring several periods of time due to climate to the point that it has become one of the migrating provinces of the country. An event that has itself given rise to emerging security issues and challenges, especially in border areas
The present article is based on the hypothesis that the decrease in rainfall and threat of water resources has led to the emigration of the province. The methodology of the present study is descriptive-analytical and the required data and information are collected through the meteorological organization and the national statistics center and then using standard rainfall (SPI) and normal rainfall (PNPI) percentage investigate and analyze the spatial distribution of drought (period, 1996-2011) and its impact on the migration of residents of the strategic area. The results show that the occurrence of severe or very severe droughts in a region has negative reflections on the livelihood of residents in the region, which with the attitude of the people of the province to dependence on limited water resources and traditional agriculture and the lack of land management policies and hydro-political relations between Iran and Afghanistan have led to an increase in the crisis in the east of the country, and the people of this province have inevitably migrated to neighboring provinces and other parts of the country to provide better living conditions.

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World production of caviar from the farmed sturgeon has recently so increased that in addition to compensate reduction of natural resources of sturgeon, it has also increased its share in the world market for caviar and its substitutes. Although Belarus, China and Norway are currently considered as the main exporting countries of caviar and its substitutes but, Iran solely exports caviar from sturgeon species. Having a world reputation in caviar brand, as well as the decreased natural resources, Iran aims to develop sturgeon rearing as well as modern marketing along with global standards to stand its brand and reputation as well as its world market share. The present paper reviewed the caviar and caviar substitutes market with emphasis on sturgeon caviar. During 1991-2013, caviar export from Iran decreased by 21.2 % in quantity and decreased income by about 17.2 %. However, the caviar value increased from 231000 to 680000 USD per ton.

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Problem statement: Due to the increase in population and lack of land to provide services to city dwellers, high-rise architecture became popular, but most of these high-rise buildings were built without regard to citizens' perceptions, which created problems in this regard.
Aim: The purpose of this study is assess the impact of tall buildings on residents' perceptions in the central context Tabriz from a physical-semantic perspective.                                                                   Methods: The present study is descriptive-analytical survey. The statistical population included the population of the central part of Tabriz equal to 29384 people and the sample size was obtained through Cochran's formula equal to 379 people. Structural equation method through Smart PLS and Amos software was used to analyze the data.                                                                                                                                                 Results: The results showed that among the components of the impact of tall buildings on the perception of residents of the central part of Tabriz, the component of desirability of using high-rise buildings for residential use with a factor load of 0.951 has the greatest impact on residents' perception (physical-semantic) It has the central texture Tabriz and its lowest is related to the component of feeling happy in the face of high-rise buildings with a factor load of 0.615.                                                                                                Conclusion: The design of tall buildings should be designed with full knowledge of the needs and desires of the residents of the central part Tabriz, because they are real consumers and their understanding of their living environment and facilities provided a very important role in their satisfaction and comfort. It has a living environment.
 

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Statement of Problem: In dealing with the wonders of creation in nature and its elements, the primitive man considers himself insignificant and inferior in front of the world and its vastness. Man considers nature to be alive and imagines a supernatural force for each manifestation of existence. Totems are inanimate. Totemism is related to systems derived from symbols or representations of human affiliations to animals, plants, and fundamental and human belief objects based on totems. Objectives: Investigating totem and totemism from a psychological point of view and finding a unique method to explore the human mind and the effects left in the design of built spaces. Research Method: It is based on analytical and descriptive studies and it has been investigated and analyzed by studying library sources and it has been compiled based on mutual relationships and comparison between independent variables and theories and totems in different religions and dependent variables. Findings: In the knowledge of totem and totemism, understanding many amazing aspects of animals, plants and objects seemed to be impossible for humans and this led to their sanctification; Of course, the holiness that followed fear and respect. Such a view and thought caused the emergence and spread of beliefs such as animism, reincarnation and totemism. Conclusion: Totemism and belief in totems and taboos was one of the ancient beliefs and a topic related to the history of early humans, which is considered one of the early examples of human religions. The practical consequences of these beliefs in the lives of early humans led to the emergence of rituals and practices in which the importance of animals and plants was emphasized, whose effects on the design of spaces and beliefs of the current generation are clearly evident.

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ntroduction
One of the basic goals in regional planning and sustainable development is its impact on the local community and ethnic groups, so that if the development plans are in line with the demands (economic, political and social) of the local community. This strategy can play a significant role in strengthening convergence, security and sustainable development at the local and national levels. The main purpose of the current research is to investigate the most important regional requirements in regional development with a focus on the development of Chabahar port. The research shows that the category of regional development in strategic areas cannot be achieved without taking into account the regional requirements and its internal space which lead to the realization of development goals, that is, promotion of security, development and convergence at the local and national level.
                                                                      Methodology
Data gathering procedure is based on library and field findings methods. The concepts were repeated and the subsequent samples did not contain new information. Qualitative method of analysis is used to analyze the data using grounded theory. The interviews were carefully coded, classified, analyzed and interpreted in several stages.
Results and discussion
One of the main factors of the presence of regionalist tendencies in the southeast region and the lack of government attention to solve the existing challenges of the people is the dominance of the security view over other views of governance. Based on the analysis of research findings and interviews, the basic preconditions in the development of Chabahar are to pay attention to strengthening the security of the region in the southeast of the country with scientific strategies and policies and in accordance with local demands and national identity. The government has a direct and fundamental role in creating regional security for the development of Chabahar. In such a way that the strategies and policy-making should lead to the creation of constructive interaction between the national government and the local community, the satisfaction of the local community, social cohesion and national convergence.
Development thinkers consider the participation of social groups in development programs and competent management for guidance and leadership as one of the most important platforms for balanced and fair development in any social system. Based on the analysis of research findings and interviews, the design of plans and policies in the development of Chabahar should promote the participation of the local community (elite chieftains, maulvis and elders, academics and educated people of the southeast) in planning and decision making.
In the current situation and the trend of population growth in Chabahar, most of the new settlements, especially in the free zone, are inhabited by non-native and prosperous people, and the more we move towards the outskirts of the city, the Baluch tribes live in poor standards of living. In the current situation, although with the establishment of Chabahar commercial-industrial free zone, capacities for development have been created, but due to the fact that this free zone lacked long-term planning and social connections from the beginning, undesirable economic, social and physical phenomena, including separation have brought social selection and unbalanced development.
Considering the location and identity of the Baluch people in the southeast region and Sistan and Baluchistan province, the separation of Makran and Chabahar regions in the form of the creation of the new Chabahar province leads to skepticism, mistrust and the reaction of elites (Majlis representatives, clerics, generals, etc.) And this situation is not in favor of the central government. This issue can lead to tension and insecurity in the southeast region and slow down the development process of Chabahar. Also, the creation of Makran province centered on the city of Chabahar and the port of Chabahar take the attention and support from the central government and absolute centralism in the long term considering the weaknesses in budget distribution, lack of goal-oriented planning and the international capacities of the Makran and Chabahar region.
Regional development programs such as Chabahar Free Zone programs have not had a serious and tangible impact in different sectors (economic, health, education and infrastructure) in Chabahar city and the region. This situation has caused various challenges such as dissatisfaction with the government, spread of informal jobs, unemployment, marginalization, etc. The regional development plans and the development of Chabahar should be designed and formulated in such a way that it leads to the promotion and progress of various sectors of the province's development (economic, health, education, sports and infrastructure).
Conclusions
The results of the research showed that the category of regional development in strategic areas and different from the main body of the government, regardless of the requirements of its internal space, especially in the cultural (ethnic-religious) dimension, cannot achieve the main goals of development, i.e. improving security, national development and survival. The development of Chabahar port, as the country's only oceanic port on the shores of the Sea of ​​Oman and the Indian Ocean is an outstanding plan in enhancing Iran's geopolitical weight at the local, national and international levels. Based on the interpretation and analysis of the research findings, the realization of Chabahar's regional development goals and the actualization of its valuable capacities require attention to its regional requirements: regional security category, regional participation category, spatial justice, political trust, balanced and network development, stability of political divisions, category of ethnic cohesion, category of infrastructural development.

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Research topic:
Gas lift is an efficient artificial lift strategy, routinely used to overcome the low productivity of the wells. In this research, the possibility of using two gases, carbon dioxide and nitrogen instead of natural gas, in the gas lifting process is investigated and compared. To maximize oil production, the optimization of the allocation of the limited amount of gas between 10 wells in the Iranian offshore brown oil field is performed.
Research Method:
In this research, all the wells were modeled by PROSPER software. First, all 10 wells data of an Iranian offshore oil reservoir were collected. Secondly, their model has been built and after validation, a simulation of the artificial gas lift was performed using carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas separately, then, the Gas Lift Performance Curve (GLPC) of all the wells are fitted with the appropriate experimental model in MATLAB software. In the following, using Solver Excel, the allocation optimization with a limited amount of gas was performed using two different gases.
Main results:
According to the results obtained from the optimization, for a certain amount of available gas which is 15 MMSCFD, the total Oil production in the case of nitrogen gas injection is 3564 STBD more than carbon dioxide gas injection. Also, in all cases, due to the production potential capacity of well No. 8, the most amount of injected gas is allocated to it. The comparison of the two types of injected gas shows that the quantity of oil produced using nitrogen is 3424 and 3302 STBD (28 % and 24 %) greater than carbon dioxide gas when the gas is lowered to 12 and 9 MMSCFD, respectively.
 

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One methods to critique translation is its assessment in order to determine the quality of the translation including the patterns presented in this type of evaluation and critique based on the Garces's evaluation model. This study intends to critique and evaluate the lexical selections of Hadad Adel, Moezzi, and Ansariyan's translation in verses 29 and 30 of the holy Qur'a according to the proposed Graces model at semantic-lexical level and seeks to determine extent to which Haddad Adel, Moezzi, and Ansarian's translations conform with the Garces's modelboth lexically and semantically. The study is rather a descripive-analytic one in terms of design. The findings indicate that the translations of the translators can be critiqued and evaluated in terms components of Garce 's model in a way that the translations of each translator can be regarded as an explanation (explanatory and lexical explanation), or as plenty of parallels, parallelism, syntactic expansions, and the transmission of ambiguity. Verification of the correspondence of translations with the semantic-lexical level of the Graces model shows that the Ansarian's translation in all of this level, except for the syntactic note, enjoys the highest level of correspondence with the semantic-lexical level, and secondly, the Hadad Adel's translation is used moderately at this level. In such a way that all of these levels are observed in their translations. Finally, the Moezzi's translation due to its literal translation enjoys the highest match except for the syntactic note among other cases and the lowest level of applicability and utilization of the Garces's model.
 

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This article studies the question of “meaning” in literary texts. First, I havepresented a definition for linguistic proposition. There is no proposition in language that does not have a linguistic definition; however,literature is replete with propositions without any acceptable referents. Under three circumstances the linguistic definition of a text is rendered null: (1) unconsciousness that is whenthe text indicates that the propositions were produced under an unconscious state; (2) anti-referentiality when the linguistic definition of a text is denied because itrefers to a referent that is inconsistent with our everyday experience; and (3) incongruity between the proposition and its producer, which happens when there is discrepancy between the linguistic definition of the propositions and our already-established assumptions about its producer. In conclusion, this article categorizes the propositions of a text in three categories: Propositions with acceptable linguistic definition that refers to a known referent; Propositions in which the secondary meaning is the speaker’s primary intended meaning and under this meaning they have external referents as well; Propositions that—no matter what generated their semantic ambiguity—are without any acceptable linguistic definition and that are not congruent with our known world and resist comprehension. 

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Research topic:
The disparity between supply and demand is one of the main obstacles in transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy. Underground hydrogen storage derived from renewable sources is a suitable method for storing energy from these sources. However, a portion of the stored gas remains in the reservoir as cushion gas, which can add to the operational costs. It is therefore recommended to replace this cushion gas with less expensive alternatives, such as CO₂ or sour gas, to reduce these costs. Nevertheless, this replacement can affect the purity and recovery factor of hydrogen, which can be controlled by specific operating parameters. This study will investigate how these parameters can be adjusted to maintain high purity and recovery factor for stored hydrogen.
Research Method:
In this section, a model of a partially depleted gas reservoir was initially constructed using the commercial simulator CMG. Following validation, this model was employed to evaluate the desired parameters. For this purpose, approximately 50% of the reservoir was depleted initially, followed by the injection of the cushion gas for one year. Subsequently, the hydrogen storage process was conducted over a period of 10 years. This research investigates the impact of various parameters, including the duration and rate of hydrogen injection and production, the soaking time and duration of cushion gas injection, the utilization of sour gas as the cushion gas, and the concentration of H₂S within it, on the purity and recovery factor of the produced hydrogen.
Main results:
The results showed that increasing the rate of hydrogen injection and production enhances its purity and recovery factor. Reducing the injection period while increasing the extraction period decreases purity but improves recovery, provided that the extraction period does not exceed the injection period. Extending the cushion gas injection time and the interval between injection and hydrogen storage supports the purity and recovery factor of hydrogen. Additionally, in the cushion gas composition, increasing the proportion of H₂S above 70% in the sour gas mixture reduces hydrogen purity and recovery by approximately 2% and 3%, respectively, confirming the potential of H₂S as a cushion gas.
 

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Backgrounds: Several studies have elucidated vitamin D as an important immunomodulatory factor regulating immune responses to different viral infections and vaccines. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of 25(OH) D serum levels on immune responses to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine.
Materials & Methods: This study was conducted on 134 healthy individuals aged 18-35 years, referring to health centers for HBV vaccination in Mane and Samalghan city in North Khorasan, Iran from June to September 2021. Demographic data were collected through a questionnaire. Serum 25(OH) D levels were analyzed using commercial sandwich ELISA kits. Anti-hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBsAb) levels were determined in blood samples 4-6 weeks post-vaccination.
Findings: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among the participants was 46.3 was 34.3%, respectively. The level of 25(OH) D was insignificantly higher in women than in men. There was no significant association between serum 25(OH) D levels and participants' ethnicities and BMI ranges. Anti-HBsAb titer was significantly higher in participants with sufficient vitamin D levels compared to those with insufficient and deficient levels (1835 ± 252.55 vs. 1129 ± 120.7 and 1363 ± 0.125 ng/ml). Serum anti-HBsAb levels post HBV vaccination were significantly higher in women and younger individuals than in men and older individuals, respectively.  
Conclusion: This study findings suggest that participants with different serum vitamin D levels produce seroprotective antibody titers post HBV vaccination, while those with sufficient vitamin D levels may produce higher titers against HBV vaccine.
 

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of enamel plate on the frequency variation of theta, alpha and beta brain waves, with emphasis on gender factor as a demographic variable, to answer to following question: How is a cultural luxury item like a enamel plate changing in the comparison between males and females, considering bioelectric activity of the cerebral cortex is affected by the color element. This study is an applied research with semi-experimental design.
Electroencephalography was recorded in two regions of F3 and F4 in a commercial video of an enamel plate in four colors, blue, yellow, green and red; and in two groups of males and females. The data was recorded using Biofeedback System 2000 of the Sheffield Corporation during the commercial video demonstration. EEG data were processed using MATLAB software 2018 and statistical comparison was performed using SPSS software version 20 using multivariate analysis of variance analysis. Results showed that the color factor had no significant effect on the power of theta, alpha and beta band frequency. In contrast, the effect of gender was significant and the brain electroencephalography pattern of the participants without color was different in both males and females. The normalized electroencephalographic power of women in all colors was higher than mens’. Therefore, in a cultural luxury product, color cannot have a different effect on the electroencephalogram pattern of the frontal lobe of ​​women and men, but the female cortex is more active than men when processing different colors.

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Aims: Failure to comply with the treatment plan is a challenge and a problem to control chronic diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the continuity self-preservation model on compliance with the care-treatment regimen in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental clinical trial study was performed on 80 patients with type 2 diabetes (intervention and control groups) admitted to a hospital in Zahedan, Iran, from 2020 to 2021. Questionnaires and blood samples were used as data-gathering methods. The intervention program was designed and implemented based on the self-preservation continuity model. The dependent variables were then assessed during a four-stage period. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in SPSS 9 software to analyze the data.
Findings: Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in the two groups. However, there was a significant difference in the mean scores of compliance with treatment, quality of life, health belief, and mean glycosylated hemoglobin after the intervention between the two groups (p=0.001).
Conclusion: The self-preservation continuity model is effective in metabolic control and compliance with the treatment of diabetic patients.

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Aims: The Covid-19 pandemic has adversely affected various dimensions of life and lifestyles, and sexual life is no exception. The present study aimed to determine the effect of multimedia sexual index promotion packages on the sexual function, desire, and satisfaction of couples during the outbreak of Covid-19.
Materials & Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was performed on 60 married people in Qazvin City, Iran, in 2022. Participants were randomly assigned into control (n=30) and intervention (n=30) groups. Demographic questionnaire, Larson Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire, Hurlbert Index of Sexual Desire, International Index of Erectile Function, and Female Sexual Function Index were used to collect data. The Chi-square, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, paired t-test, and Wilcoxon test were used for data analysis.
Findings: In the intervention group, the mean of sexual function, desire, and satisfaction significantly increased in the post-test compared to the pre-test (p<0.05). This difference was observed only in sexual desire in the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Multimedia sexual indexes promotion packages improve sexual function, desire, and satisfaction of couples during the outbreak of Covid-19.
 

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Aims: Health promotion standards focus on the needs of patients and their companions, serving as the foundation for fostering a healthy lifestyle for both patients and society. The present study aimed to determine the state of health promotion standards in educational hospitals affiliated with North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences using both internal and external evaluation methods.
Instrument & Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, six educational hospitals affiliated with the North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences were recruited through census sampling. The World Health Organization’s self-assessment tool for health promotion in hospitals, which had been previously translated, localized, and validated, was used to collect data. This internal evaluation tool includeed four standards (management policy and program, health promotion of patients and families, health promotion of staff, and health promotion of hospitals and their surroundings) and 67 substandards. The internal evaluation team was selected from experienced hospital staff, while the external evaluation team was selected from the research team. They scored the status of each substandard from one to ten based on observations, documents, and interviews.
Findings: The internal evaluations revealed that hospitals made significant progress in health promotion standards, with a total average score of 7.05±2.25. The total average score of the external evaluation was 5.44±2.04, indicating that most evaluated hospitals were in the moderate stage of progress. In both internal and external evaluation results, the highest average score was related to the standard for health promotion of patients and families, while the lowest total average score was associated with the standard for health promotion of staff.
Conclusion: Educational hospitals affiliated with the North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences exhibit progress in health promotion but need improvement, particularly in staff health promotion.

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The purpose of this study was to determine students’ attitudes toward international agricultural issues. The population for the study consisted of agricultural extension students at Tehran and Shiraz Universities, Agriculture and Natural Resources Colleges’ (N= 170). A stratified random sampling technique was employed to select samples, (n= 120). The study was conducted during the fall 2007 using a descriptive, correlational design. Cronbach’s alpha, an internal consistency measure, was employed to estimate the reliability. The reliability for the instrument was found to be acceptable (Alpha= 0.89). Questionnsire was employed to assess the students’attitudes toward international agricultural issues. Results revealed that students had positive or “in agreement” attitudes toward international agricultural issues. They especially were of the belief that they should know more about agriculture and its important standing in the world economy. Moreover, students were “in agreement” concerning educational methods, which can help them learn international agricultural issues.

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Metalepsis, in its narratological sense, is a trope in which an unnatural relationship is built between different levels of narrative. The natural relationship between narrative levels is formed by the act of narrating; a character from one level becomes the narrator of another. The term “Metalepsis of topic and illustration” can be coined to name a similar trope. This trope has been used for centuries in Persian poetry. Every Image comprises a topic and an illustration. The topic is what is being talked about and the illustration is what the topic is compared to. When several images are present along together, two different levels are distinguishable: the level of the topic and the level of illustration. The natural relationship between these two levels is similarity and any other relationship will result in metalepsis. As in the narratological metalepsis, there is always a paradox in the metalepsis of topic and illustration. The effect of these two kinds of metalepsis is also similar and can be humorous, fantastic, or a mixture of the two.

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The number of microbial cells on the planet is much larger than the stars we know in the galaxies. However, the microbial diversity and their ecological network remain unknown, they have key roles on the Earth's ecosystems. Omics technologies such as metagenomics provide tools for recognizing a large part of these cryptic forms of life accurately, which are much higher than the uncultivated majority. One example is the diversity of the Vampyrellids from protista and micro-eukaryotes. Using meta-omics technologies, it found that the diversity within this one group equals that of the entire kingdom of fungi, and they are found in all corners of nature, from the oceans to terrestrial soils. It is noticeable that they are only one of the seven protista groups. In this article, in addition to introducing Omics technologies, some of big relevant projects and their results have also been discussed covering all of the Earth's environment. Metagenomics is the direct sequencing and characterization of genes and genomes present in complex microbial ecosystems (e.g. metagenomes). Viromics is the research of viral metagenome. In metatranscriptomics the mRNA is being analyzed which is due to its notoriously labile nature in environmental samples, its conservation and analyzing are the main challenges in this omics. Identification and measurement of various proteins that can directly measure microbial activity is performed in metaproteomics. Environmental metabolomics includes the study of low molecular weight metabolites generated from interactions between microorganisms, such as small eukaryotes, plants, animals, predators, abiotic stresses, and other stimulants.