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Aims: Evaluation of Patient Satisfaction (PS) is one of the most essential factors in improving the quality of healthcare systems. The aim of this study is to determine the norms and to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Najmiyeh Outpatients Satisfaction Questionnaire (NOSQ). Methods and Materials: This study has been conducted on 240 outpatients in Najmiyeh subspecialty hospital (Tehran-Iran) in 2011. They were selected using the proportional simple random sampling method. Following the confirmation of the content validity, we considered the construct validity and reliability applying Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Cronbach's Alpha. Also, SPSS and AMOS version 18 were used for data analysis. Findings: The sample population consisted of 240 subjects, including 132 females (55.1%) and 108 males (44.9%). The EFA reported three important factors in this regard, with a variance of 54% and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index of 0.82, all approved by the CFA (RMSEA= 0.04, CFI= 0.96). The outpatients' satisfaction factors were: “hospital information system, treatment and conditions”. The reliability of the questionnaire was reported at %71 based on the Cronbach's alpha. Conclusions: Both validity and the reliability indexes of the NOSQ have been reported at a desirable level; therefore it can be used as a valid and reliable instrument to measure the outpatients' satisfaction.

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Aim: Patients' satisfaction (PS) is a dominant concept in medical care, due to the gap in the literature on Persian version of PS instruments, this study has conducted with aim to analyze the validity and reliability of self-designed Najmiyeh Inpatient Satisfaction Questionnaire (NISQ). Methods: This study was carried out on 247 inpatients that came in Najmiyeh subspecialty hospital in Tehran (the capital city of Iran) during year 2011 who were selected by proportional stratified sampling method. Statistical analysis used: In this study, after checking content validity we used confirmatory and explanatory factor analysis and Cronbach's Alpha in order to examine construct validity and reliability, respectively. SPSS (version18) and AMOS (version 20) programmer were used to analyze data. Findings: Samples consisted of 247 subjects (222 women (90%) and 25 men (10%)). The explanatory factor analysis showed 5 factors with 64% total variance and 0.91 Kaser-Meyer-Olkin Index, the result also confirmed with confirmatory factor analysis (PNFI=0.71, RMR=0.03, PCFI=0.76). Extracted factors consisted of: “satisfaction from nursing services and their behaviour”, “satisfaction from one’s doctor”, “satisfaction from inpatient department”, “companions’ satisfaction”, “satisfaction from one’s room”. Also the questionnaire’s reliability was 0.96 using the Cronbach's Alpha method. Conclusions: Because validity and reliability indexes of NISQ were reported in suitable range, we can confirm that this questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for measuring inpatient satisfaction.

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The current study suggests the utilization of steel wool as an extended anode electrode in an electrochemical process to en­hance the efficiency of Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) re­moval from wastewater. The effect of the operating parameters of initial pH, applied current, supporting electrolyte, and initial dye concentration on textile dye removal efficiency was inves­tigated to determine the optimum conditions of the process. Ki­netic studies were performed in the optimum conditions. Scan­ning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) were carried out to determine the morphology and characteri­zation of the extended anode surface. Under the optimum con­ditions, the dye and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were obtained 99.42% and 72.72%, respectively. The reaction kinetic data of the electrochemical process was followed by the pseudo-second-order kinetic rate equation (R² = 0.99). These findings might be useful in treating the various pollutants in industrial wastewater.

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Designing complex subway station and mixing them with crisis management provides an opportunity to understand multi-functional of station spaces. This article seeks to reduce vulnerabilities in the analysis subway stations measures to be considered as temporary accommodation in an emergencies and provide a safe space research questions inclusive weather do you have ability to the performance is also, in addition to its roles as station for transport and cultural and commercial complex; in critical condition become to temporary housing? Or what factors effect on flexibility of architectural complex subway? We have very good station complex in our country. A station complex itself consists of several levels of services areas include entertainment and office. This type of sorting and spatial layout is designed based on the needs. But in this paper we discussed bout benefits of this wide space and advantages of all the facilities and equipment in emergencies. Developing countries, including Iran, in addition to being more prone to accidents and natural disasters than other communities, total human casualties and property damage in case of accident these communities are heavier. To prevent the occurrence, planning to rescue damaged area and temporary accommodation, all communities need new Disaster Management. In the present study we have tried through a multi-functional and flexible design, the central station with the highest integrity economic, social and environmental be prepared to deal with the sudden crises. Despite the unexpected event and the space subway stations is located in the basement created a good spaces for sheltering people affected. Theoretical Framework of research was formed on professional background. Description of the research subjects are used to identify a type of descriptive research. They checked through classified questions by the nature of the condition or a relationship between phenomena. This study uses for recognition of flexible spaces with different activities, after studying previous research, analysis and identification of deficiencies and issues that the extent of the subject matter. Factors were identified and then among them some of the most important factors affecting the enhanced versatility stations and related elements are removed and in the form of a questionnaire was developed. Considering that the present selective approach of the Delphi Survey. These questionnaires gave to professionals and experts in related field to examine their views on this issue answered questions. At the end of the questionnaire they provided the new classification according to their own idea. The thirteen components shaped on the form of a questionnaire. The flexibility of components and elements were created in the form of a table, then each component is associated with a short description and an example and then its influence were examined on the subway stations the fifty questionnaires were prepared and given to fifty experts. After one week about forty persons answered. Finally through analyzing these answers with the software SPSS defined two factors (Adaptation) and (Convertible) have the most effect on multi-functional design. Discuss about flexible architecture used in most developing countries. Use the subway as one of the most important infra structure of transport industry. And different countries follow the various purposes about construction and expansion of the system based on their political and socio-economic strategy and structure. In this research, urban transportation industry used toward protection, facilitating crisis management and reduce potential vulnerabilities and providing satisfaction in critical and noncritical periods. Following the development of the industry in the transportation and services the most of countries used of subway station as space towards temporary accommodation with the aim of maintaining and relief protection. On the other, stations being able to protect of people and providing essential supplies for certain time periods at a critical time. These information is done based on limited studies are available. One of deficiency in new architecture is lack of planning toward multi-purpose use. In the other word we can use from the facilities and equipment for temporary accommodation. Becausepeople take refuge the subway station unconsciously, In this regard in many countries subway stations is used as a shelter space. The main issue in this research is multi-functional and flexible design for example station while there are main function and accessories (transportation and provide daily needs), another function will have to meet the needs of citizens in a secure environment. These views with the aim of identify a plan to solve the unpredictable problems and issues in organization critical and methods to reduce the vulnerability of disaster, including recognition of the six stages of crisis management planning. Planning, forecasting, equipment, coordination, implementation, analysis, documentation and temporary accommodation, and how to solve the crisis management in 3 section including of identification, decision and evaluation of temporary emergency measures and consequence of after crisis, including the reconstruction in low-risk areas, construction of building according to the rules of retrofitting and flexible designing of the building and cities in the faces of crisis. Multi-purpose in architecture while has many advantages, there is a little attention has been paid. The research studies began with introduction includes the purpose and expanse of information about the main problem of the research. After classifying articles, books and theses and noted the main provisions of the existing theories, the case study was cleared. This research began with the most general resources and ended with the most relevant resources. A review of existing knowledge and to clarify the deficiencies found the concepts to understood multi-purpose architecture. After classifying component based on the measure of affectively, these components were described. These categories gave to the expert. In this time adaptation was priority. In the other word the flexible space will have greater flexibility and create the space, that provide needs of travelers and transport, facilities, crisis management, reducing vulnerabilities and satisfaction while helping temporary accommodation. In according to assumption of this research, if complex station designed multi-purpose and considerate required spaces for critical conditions can be held accountable as a temporary accommodation and components such as versatility and consistent spatial have a high impact on flexibility of architectural complexes.

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Aims: The World Health Organization recommends preventive behaviors despite the approval of several vaccines to control COVID-19. Mass media and digital technologies also play an important role in addressing public health issues. This study aimed to investigate the protection motivation theory constructs by COVID-related information channels on protective behaviors against COVID-19 in southwestern Iran.
Instrument & Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study from July to August 2021, 255 patients referred to urban health centers were included by simple random sampling. Data were analyzed by SPSS 24 software using correlation and regression tests.
Findings: 32.2% of the participants received COVID-19 information through radio, TV, and satellite, and 30.6% through WhatsApp and Telegram social networks. Awareness predicted 11% of protective behavior (p<0.001; R=0.118; β=0.343). Protective motivation (behavioral intention) predicted 49.5% of behavior (p<0.001; R=0.495; R²=0.487).
Conclusion: Using protection motivation theory by information channels facilitates preventive behavior against COVID-19.
 

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Aims: Gestational diabetes is a medical complication. This study was conducted to investigate the role of HAPA in predicting diabetes control behavior and eating style in diabetic pregnant mothers referred to the healthcare centers of Abadan University of Medical Sciences (South of Iran).
Instrument & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done on 82 subjects selected by simple random sampling in 2021. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 software.
Findings: We found that 41.5% of mothers were in the age group of 21-30 years. Also, 43.9% were at the middle economic level. Among demographic variables, income was the strongest predictor of nutritional behavior (p=0.01, r=19.9, and β=-0.299). None of the model constructs alone predicted nutritional behavior in pregnant women. The HAPA model was able to predict 21% of the variance of the nutritional behavior among the subjects (p<0.001, r=0.210, and β=0.458).
Conclusion: Behavioral intention and action planning are effective in educating pregnant women to prevent and control diabetes.
 

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Nowadays, the issue of service quality for service-provider organizations specifically banks is of considerable importance. The service-provider organizations (specifically governmental banks) are aware from the necessity of getting satisfaction of customer and assessing quality of services. In this research, we evaluate and analyze the gap of expected and current service quality. In fact, the gap between customer´s expectations of bank services and customers perceptions is assessed based on the hierarchical service quality model (HSQM), which has been introduced by Brady and Cronin in 2001. To do this, customers of Keshavarzi Bank are given as statistical population and a sample with 384 people is extracted from Tehran Keshavarzi Banks using Krejcie-Morgan Table and Cochran formula. The results show that just in two dimensions of HSQM namely «waiting time» and «valence», there is no significant difference between expectations and perceptions, but there are gaps among expectations and perceptions in the other dimensions.

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Active techniques based on the switched-capacitor converters (SCCs) are used in recent years widely for battery cell balancing applications, due to lack of bulky magnetic components. In addition, these converters are easily be integrated to reduce the volume. Despite of all these benefits, SCCs have some disadvantages such as number of active switches, currents spikes, low balancing speed, and high switching losses. In this paper, a chain resonant SCC is analyzed which can realize soft switching under the ZCS conditions to eliminate currents spikes to overcome the aforementioned SCCs drawbacks. Also, it has been modified to increase balancing speed of the Lithium-Ion battery cells. Then, a chain resonant SCC for balancing a combination of three battery cells with capacity of 2150 mAh and nominal voltage of 3.6 V has been simulated by MATLAB/SIMULINK and it has been implemented at 50 kHz to confirm operation of the converter. The simulation and experimental results are in good agreement with the given mathematical analyses and illustrate that the balancing speed has been improved more than three-fold, as compared with the conventional converter.
 
 

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  In this paper, a new configuration for delta conversion UPS is proposed, which could help the system for better utilization of the UPS inverters. In this configuration, parallel and series inverters of the conventional delta conversion UPS, under the grid fault conditions, are connected in parallel which help to share the load power and this results in utilizing the series inverter during fault mode. Therefore, using this configuration not only decreases the total capacity of the UPS inverters, but also decreases the system total cost. In the proposed configuration, two inverters have the same sizes and specifications which results in the system modularity that simplifies its implementation and maintenance and reduces the manufacturing and life cycle cost of the UPS system. In addition, the proposed configuration increases the system reliability. To illustrate proper operation of the proposed configuration, some simulations are carried out under the different conditions. The given simulation results validate appropriate operation of the proposed configuration.

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Nowadays the effect of cultural industries on GDP, economic growth, social welfare and development of international exchanges is very significant. Therefore cultural activities are to become one of the most fundamental principles of the world economic system. Accordingly, due to the richness and wealth of Iran in terms of cultural products, it is necessary to look at this matter in a different manner and to identify factors which affect the demand for this type of product in order to systematically improving structure of supply and the economy of culture. This study aimed to carry out the composition and classification of factors which affect the demand for products of Iranian culture in domestic market. A qualitative study based on grounded theory, using interviews of 30 artists, scholars and cultural activists with snowball sampling method were conducted. Data analysis were done according to the developed grounded process model. Then, 182 concepts in 4 aspects of: "Stimulating the demand", "creating the demand", "supplying of the demand" and "repeating the demand" were modeled. The reliability of coding was verified with retest reliabilty percentage of 1.52.

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The main purpose of this paper is to estimate the Iran's economy-wide energy rebound effect. Based on Brookes’ explanation on the rebound effect combined with the IPAT equation, this paper first presents a different estimation method of economy-wide energy rebound effect. Then, by using the state-space model, Iran's economy-wide energy rebound effect is estimated over the period 1967–2017. Results show that the annual average of Iran's economy-wide energy rebound effect is 57%. Also, except the 1978-1988 period, in all periods under study energy rebound effect is considerable and it has an increasing trend that makes actual energy saving far less than potential energy saving.
Due to the significant impact of energy rebound effect on Iran's energy saving, in order to reduce the effect of energy rebound effect and increase energy saving it is recommended that, first, the amount of the energy rebound effect be taken into account while designing energy saving goals and policies, because its overestimation or underestimation, causes actual energy saving to be more or less than predicted. Second, saving of energy should not be based on improving energy efficiency solely, because if this policy is not accompanied by appropriate price measures, due to the energy rebound effect, a significant amount of the potential energy saving will not be realized in practice. Of course, relying on price policies and abandoning energy efficiency policies will have the same results.