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The narratological approach in studying the fictional narrations structure provides an organized ground and a systematic pattern for analyzing the main elements of the narrative text, i.e. story and text. In the present research, the Do Donya (Two Worlds) is analyzed in a narratological approach and the first hypothesis of the research about the possibility of applying the structural of narratology for the modern fictional narration of Do Donya is tested. The reason for choosing the Do Donya fiction in the matters of deep structure, time, place and focusing is the conflicts and discrepancies which exist between death and life. The results indicate that the narratological approach with its componenets (including story level elements, such as time elements consisting of order, continuation and frequency; place elements consisting of fiction place and text place; characterization covering direct and indirect characterizations (action, speech, visual figure, environment and names deductions); focalization (internal and external); aspects of focalization conceptive, psychological and ideological)); narrating (the narrative levels (metafictional and subfictional), the narrative layers (internal and external)); representation of speech and thought (narration, crucibles (scenario, merely briefed scenario, indirect repetition of content, free indirect speech)) can present a structural analysis of all aspects of the narration of Do Donya story.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of satisfaction and happiness of citizens with parks and urban green space.
Methods: This is a survey study. Six parks were randomly selected among 18 Mashhad large parks. Participants were 360 clients, who were selected by stratified random sampling method. All individuals completed the questionnaires of the satisfaction with park and Oxford happiness version of the park. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).
Findings: The results showed that the level of satisfaction with welfare installations and buildings, green space design, sport facilities, security, furnishings of park, parking and the feeling of happiness is a function of the park type. In addition, the level of satisfaction with green space design is a function of gender.
Conclusion: Satisfaction and happiness as components of health are related with the design of the parks and green space.

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One of the challenges in translating literary texts is the cultural elements, and this is especially important in the translation of dramatic literature due to the use of drama, i.e., performance on stage. Among the approaches to translation that take into account the purpose of translation and the function of the text in the target language, and give a special place to the audience's understanding in the translation of dramatic texts, is the Skopos theory. This research aims to extract the cultural elements in the play „The Man Outside“ based on the division of cultural elements into two categories of tangible cultural elements and intangible cultural elements, and according to them, evaluate the performance of the translator from the perspective of Skopos theory. The result of this research shows that although Golshiri's translation has been used in theatrical performances, his transfer of tangible cultural elements is not in line with the goal of the play, which is performance on stage.

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Criticism of new historicism has been formed in opposition to traditional historicism. Contrary to traditional historicism, which speaks of the one-sided influence of history on literature, new historicism believes in the mutual influence of literature and history on each other. The story of Bahram and Golandam is one of the remarkable poems in Kurdish literature, which are called "Beit". Beits are syllable-weighted folktales recited by beit readers. It can be said that there are some similarities between the stories of Bahram and Golandam and Zal and Rudabeh. Therefore, it is possible to measure these two stories with each other. In this research, relying on library and documentary studies and with an analytical-comparative approach, we have tried to give a reading of the two stories in question based on the concepts of new historicism. The findings show that although both stories are apparently romantic and the conflicts are about love and marriage; But inside the story, power and discourse interests are fundamental issues. Every discourse tries to maintain its political and social interests.
 

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Wound healing and skin remodeling occur directly after skin damage, so the use of platelet rich growth factors (PRGF) and probiotics is important to accelerate this process because of their positive effects on wound healing and antibacterial activities. Combination of above biomaterials with tissue engineering techniques led to the production of a new wound dressing. Therefore, in this study, PRGF was obtained from platelet-rich plasma and a multi-layered scaffold was fabricated by electerospining method using polyurethane (PU) fibers, PRGF and gelatin fibers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile and water contact angle tests were performed to assess the characteristics of the scaffolds. The human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hAMSCs) were extracted and cultured with the fibroblast cells (HU-02) as co-culture cells and Lactobacillus plantarum was cultured on scaffolds with or without PRGF to evaluate cell viability, toxicity and proliferation, then antibacterial activities of L.plantarum were examined. The result of MTT assay after 14 days indicated that PRFG and L.plantarum had significant positive effect on viability and proliferation of co-culture cells. SEM photograph illustrated adhesion and proliferation of cells and bacteria on scaffolds up to 21 days. The Agar-well diffusion test confirmed the antibacterial effect of L.plantarum on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli with strong inhibition zone. The current multi-layered scaffold provides the appropriate wound dressing for cell adhesion, proliferation and prevents wound infection.
 

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In this paper, a control system is designed to reduce roll angle which consequently leads into increasing vehicle roll threshold during high lateral accelerations. Accordingly, the two same rotation-electric actuators are mounted on front and rear suspension system anti-roll bars. This control system turns by applying an opposite couple that is acted upon the chassis, as time varying, reduce the lateral acceleration as it possible and improves lateral stability and roll threshold during extreme maneuvers. In order to find out the effects of the performance of this active system on vehicle stability, firstly based on a nonlinear eight degrees of freedom model of the lateral dynamics of the vehicle and by taking Steering angle as an input, the kinematic parameters and finally roll threshold that is defined lateral load transfer, is estimated. Then, the optimized second order control theory with three degrees of freedom of the vehicle model is used to design the controller. Finally, with the aid of comprehensive model of the vehicle, the lateral dynamics of the vehicle as well as the effects of the controller during path of standard Fish hook maneuver are investigated.

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Pure mode II fracture toughness of polymethyl methacrylate and its components has been studied by essential work of fracture (EWF) approach via experimental and numerical methods. EWF fracture tests with double edge notched tension (DENT) were performed on the RT-PMMA specimens at room temperature. In this investigation, the mode II fracture of polymethyl methacrylate/graft-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PMMA/g-ABS) blends with different weight percentage of rubber (0, 10, 15, and 20) and the thickness of samples 0.8 and 4 millimeters was investigated. The results showed that the value for the specific essential work of fracture given by including lower ligament length may be more accurate, because the ligament is completely yielded. The results also showed that for the load-displacement curves have self-similarity in shapes for the specimens with different rubber content, specimen thicknesses, and ligament lengths and the specific work of fracture (wf) increases significantly with the increasing of rubber content. The non-essential work of fracture (βwp) increases with the increasing of rubber content and the highest value belong to 20% composition in which for both thickness. The highest value of the essential work and the non-essential work of fracture belong to 20% composition in 0.8 mm specimen thickness 98.67 kJ/m2 and 99 kJ/m2, respectively. By changing the thickness of the samples the amount of the essential work of fracture showed significant changes.

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Basal stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is one of the most important diseases of sunflower. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) implicated in partial resistance to two isolates of S. sclerotiorum (SSU107 and SSKH41) were investigated using F₉ recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the cross between sunflower parental lines PAC2 and RHA266. Experiments were conducted in completely randomized design with 3-6 replications under controlled conditions. The reaction of genotypes to basal stem rot disease was evaluated by measuring the percentage of necrosis area three days after inoculation. Combined analysis of experiments showed significant interactions between sunflower genotypes and S. sclerotiorum isolates suggesting that partial resistance to S. sclerotiorum should be isolate-specific in sunflower. QTLs were mapped using an updated high-density SSR and SNP linkage map. The map consisted of 210 SSRs and 11 gene-derived markers placed in 17 linkage groups (LGs). The total map length was 1,653.1 cM with a mean density of 1 marker per 7.44 cM. A total of 14 QTLs were detected for partial resistance to two isolates. The phenotypic variance explained by QTLs (R²) ranged from 0.10 to 9.85. The sign of additive gene effects showed that favorable alleles for partial resistance to isolates came from both parents. Six QTLs were common between two isolates on LGs 1, 8 and 17, whereas the others were specific for each isolate. Co-localized QTLs on LG 1 were linked to the glutathione S-transferase gene (GST). The co-localized QTLs for partial resistance to basal stem rot isolates could be good candidates for marker assisted selection (MAS).

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Objective: It is hypothesized that stem cells have the capability to form tumors after transplantation. Spermatogonial stem cells have proliferation potency and colonization ability related to express pluripotency genes such as c-Myc. The primary aim of this study is to investigate tumorigenicity ability of these cells after in vitro cultivation and inoculation in athymic animals. Methods: Spermatogonial stem cells from 3-5 day-old neonatal mice testes (NMRI) were cultured following two-step enzymatic digestion. After one month of culturing the spermatogonial stem cells, the obtained colonies were identified by Oct4 and PLZF markers. Expressions of Nanog, Oct4 and c-Myc pluripotency genes were subsequently studied. We subcutaneously inoculated 5 x 10⁶ cells into athymic mice and assessed tumor formation after 8 weeks. Mouse embryonic stem cells (CCE line) were used as the positive control. Generated tumors were measured by a caliper. Results: The colonies expressed Oct4 and PLZF proteins. Ratio of pluripotency gene expressions in these cells compared to embryonic stem cells significantly decreased (P≤0.05). Mouse embryonic stem cells formed tumors however the spermatogonial colonies did not form any tumors. Conclusion: Mouse spermatogonial stem cells in comparison with embryonic stem cells are not capable of forming tumors in vivo. We have observed that the tumorigenic ability of these cells decreased significantly with down regulation of pluripotency gene expressions, particularly c-Myc. However, this study should be reassessed by using human tissue samples.

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Linear viscoelastic constitutive laws, such as hyperelasticity with the Prony series, are commonly used in commercial software to simulate polymer materials. However, these models are not accurate regarding large strain problems despite performing well for small strain problems. To gather experimental data for soft adhesives, various shear modes were employed, including monotonic, creep, and low-cycle tests using single-lap shear specimens. These tests were conducted on optically clear adhesives (OCAs). Initially, the validity range for linear viscoelasticity was established, revealing the inability to predict large strains accurately using this approach. Subsequently, the three-network viscoplastic (TNV) model parameters were calibrated experimentally under large strains. The calibration procedures took advantage of variations in loading modes, enhancing the precision and improving the accuracy of the constitutive models. For calibration purposes, it is recommended to utilize the low-cycle loading-unloading test as it offers a suitable and cost-effective means of precision. This approach provides a cost-effective way to accurately predict material behavior, owing to the variations in loading modes. Finally, the characteristic model was used to evaluate the results through the finite element method. The results showed that the proposed model accurately predicts stress values, energy dissipation, and energy loss due to softening