Volume 12, Issue 2 (2024)                   Health Educ Health Promot 2024, 12(2): 231-241 | Back to browse issues page


XML Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Saboohi Z, Solhi M, Hajihashemi M, Nouri R, Nazarnia M. Depression Literacy and its Relationship with Depression Stigma and Attitude Toward Seeking Help in Iranian Women. Health Educ Health Promot 2024; 12 (2) :231-241
URL: http://hehp.modares.ac.ir/article-5-74054-en.html
1- Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
4- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract:   (755 Views)
Aims: Depression, anxiety, and psychiatric symptoms are more prevalent among women than men. Given the significance of depression literacy and its associated factors, this study aimed to explore the level of depression literacy and its correlation with depression stigma and attitudes toward seeking help among Iranian women attending health centers in Saveh City.
Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed 280 women aged 18-65 selected through cluster sampling from September 2023 to December 2023 in Saveh County, Iran. Reliable and validated tools, including the D-Lit Questionnaire, Attitude Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale, and DSS-Personal Subscale were utilized for data collection. Data analysis was conducted using independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA. Predictors were identified through hierarchical linear regression analysis.
Findings: The lowest correct answer rate was associated with knowledge of available treatment methods (15.4%). The mean scores for D-Lit, attitude toward seeking help, and personal depression stigma were 41.36±4.83, 23.63±3.69, and 25.39±4.36, respectively. Education level, consultation with a psychologist, attitude toward seeking help, and depression stigma collectively accounted for approximately 23% of the variance in depression literacy.
Conclusions: The level of depression literacy among Iranian women is insufficient.
Full-Text [PDF 626 kb]   (681 Downloads) |   |   Full-Text (HTML)  (71 Views)  
Article Type: Descriptive & Survey | Subject: Health Education and Health Behavior
Received: 2024/02/27 | Accepted: 2024/04/30 | Published: 2024/05/21
* Corresponding Author Address: Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemat Highway, Near to Milad Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Postal Code: 1449614535 (solhi80@yahoo.com)

References
1. WHO. Depression and other common mental disorders: Global health estimates. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. [Link]
2. Mao Y, Zhang N, Liu J, Zhu B, He R, Wang X. A systematic review of depression and anxiety in medical students in China. BMC Med Educ. 2019;19(1):327. [Link] [DOI:10.1186/s12909-019-1744-2]
3. Tehrani H, Nejatian M, Moshki M, Jafari A. Psychometric properties of Persian version of depression literacy (D-Lit) questionnaire among general population. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2022;16(1):40. [Link] [DOI:10.1186/s13033-022-00550-x]
4. Bifftu BB, Takele WW, Guracho YD, Yehualashet FA. Depression and its help seeking behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of community survey in Ethiopia. Depress Res Treat. 2018;2018:1592596. [Link] [DOI:10.1155/2018/1592596]
5. Goli B, Jaafari-pooyan E, Moradi A, Safi-Arian R, Moradi M, Darabi F. Prevalence of anxiety, depression and stress in CABG candidate patients and factors affecting it at Farshchian cardiovascular Hospital in Hamadan. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot. 2021;9(2):212-25. [Persian] [Link] [DOI:10.52547/ijhehp.9.2.212]
6. Kohrt BA, Asher L, Bhardwaj A, Fazel M, Jordans MJ, Mutamba BB, et al. The role of communities in mental health care in low-and middle-income countries: A meta-review of components and competencies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(6):1279. [Link] [DOI:10.3390/ijerph15061279]
7. Lee HY, Hwang J, Ball JG, Lee J, Albright DL. Is health literacy associated with mental health literacy? Findings from Mental Health Literacy Scale. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2020;56(2):393-400. [Link] [DOI:10.1111/ppc.12447]
8. Sayarifard A, Rajabi F, Shahraki-Mohammadi A, Khorrami Z, Ghadirian L. Depression literacy of women and girls in terms of prevention and interventions. Iran J Psychiatry. 2021;16(4):430-37. [Link] [DOI:10.18502/ijps.v16i4.7230]
9. Saraf G, Chandra PS, Desai G, Rao GN. What adolescent girls know about mental health: Findings from a mental health literacy survey from an urban slum setting in India. Indian J Psychol Med. 2018;40(5):433-9. [Link] [DOI:10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_108_18]
10. Nambi S. Marriage, mental health and the Indian legislation. Indian J Psychiatry. 2005;47(1):3-14. [Link] [DOI:10.4103/0019-5545.46067]
11. Wang J, Adair C, Fick G, Lai D, Evans B, Perry BW, et al. Depression literacy in Alberta: Findings from a general population sample. Can J Psychiatry. 2007;52(7):442-9. [Link] [DOI:10.1177/070674370705200706]
12. Jorm AF, Christensen H, Griffiths KM. The public's ability to recognize mental disorders and their beliefs about treatment: Changes in Australia over 8 years. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2006;40(1):36-41. [Link] [DOI:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01738.x]
13. Jeong YM, Lee YM, Bernstein K, Park C. Stigma and attitude toward service use among Korean American parents of adolescent children: Does depression literacy act as a mediator and/or moderator?. J Psychosoc Nur Ment Health Serv. 2018;56(11):46-55. [Link] [DOI:10.3928/02793695-20180815-01]
14. Khorrami Z, Sayarifard A, Ghahari S, Memaryan N, Pirmoradi M, Ghadirian L. High school students' depression literacy about interventions and prevention: A survey in Tehran. Depress Res Treat. 2023;2023:8540614. [Link] [DOI:10.1155/2023/8540614]
15. Furnham A, Swami V. Mental health literacy: A review of what it is and why it matters. Int Perspect Psychol. 2018;7(4):240-57. [Link] [DOI:10.1037/ipp0000094]
16. Sampaio F, Gonçalves P, Sequeira C. Mental health literacy: It is now time to put knowledge into practice. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(12):7030. [Link] [DOI:10.3390/ijerph19127030]
17. Clement S, Schauman O, Graham T, Maggioni F, Evans-Lacko S, Bezborodovs N, et al. What is the impact of mental health-related stigma on help-seeking? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies. Psychol Med. 2015;45(1):11-27. [Link] [DOI:10.1017/S0033291714000129]
18. Griffiths KM, Nakane Y, Christensen H, Yoshioka K, Jorm AF, Nakane H. Stigma in response to mental disorders: A comparison of Australia and Japan. BMC Psychiatry. 2006;6:21. [Link] [DOI:10.1186/1471-244X-6-21]
19. Sun S, Chang C, Sun W, Liu B. A cross-sectional study on depression stigma and help-seeking intentions among youths in Beijing. Chin J Sch Health. 2013;34(5):528-30. [Chinese] [Link]
20. Barney LJ, Griffiths KM, Jorm AF, Christensen H. Stigma about depression and its impact on help-seeking intentions. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2006;40(1):51-4. [Link] [DOI:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01741.x]
21. Pruksarungruang J, Rhein D. Depression literacy: An analysis of the stigmatization of depression in Thailand. SAGE Open. 2022;12(4):21582440221. [Link] [DOI:10.1177/21582440221140376]
22. Mackenzie CS, Erickson J, Deane FP, Wright M. Changes in attitudes toward seeking mental health services: A 40-year cross-temporal meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2014;34(2):99-106. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.12.001]
23. Doğan R, Mercan N, Coşkun S. Investigation of the relationship between mental health literacy of adults and attitude towards seeking psychological help and stigma by the immediate environment. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2022;58(4):1865-1872. [Link] [DOI:10.1111/ppc.13000]
24. Griffiths KM, Christensen H, Jorm AF, Evans K, Groves C. Effect of web-based depression literacy and cognitive-behavioural therapy interventions on stigmatising attitudes to depression: Randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2004;185(4):342-9. [Link] [DOI:10.1192/bjp.185.4.342]
25. Pheko MM, Chilisa R, Balogun SK, Kgathi C. Predicting intentions to seek psychological help among Botswana university students: The role of stigma and help-seeking attitudes. Sage Open. 2013;3(3):21582440134. [Link] [DOI:10.1177/2158244013494655]
26. Sharifi M, Momtaz YA, Alizadeh T, Zanjari N, MohammadiSafa N. Psychometric properties of the attitudes toward receiving professional psychological services scale in a sample of Iranian older adults. Shenakht J Psychol Psychiatry. 2019;6(5):83-95. [Persian] [Link] [DOI:10.29252/shenakht.6.5.83]
27. Qiu L, Feng Y, Luo J, Zhang Y, Yang Q. Predictors of personal depression stigma in medical students in China: Differences in male and female groups. Med Educ Online. 2022;27(1):2093427. [Link] [DOI:10.1080/10872981.2022.2093427]
28. Reavley NJ, Jorm AF. Stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental disorders: Findings from an Australian National Survey of Mental Health Literacy and Stigma. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2011;45(12):1086-93. [Link] [DOI:10.3109/00048674.2011.621061]
29. Samar N, Perveen A. Relationship between mental health literacy and help seeking behavior among undergraduate students. Int J Acad Res Bus Soc Sci. 2021;11(6):216-30. [Link] [DOI:10.6007/IJARBSS/v11-i6/10113]
30. Zhang Z, Sun K, Jatchavala C, Koh J, Chia Y, Bose J, et al. Overview of stigma against psychiatric illnesses and advancements of anti-stigma activities in six Asian societies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(1):280. [Link] [DOI:10.3390/ijerph17010280]
31. Kheirabadi D, Kheirabadi GR, Tarrahi MJ. Depression literacy and the related factors among a group of hospitals' staff in Iran. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2021;67(4):369-75. [Link] [DOI:10.1177/0020764020954886]
32. Oh KM, Baird B, Alqahtani N, Peppard L, Kitsantas P. Exploring levels and correlates of depression literacy among older Korean immigrants. J Cross Cult Gerontol. 2022;37(3):295-313. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s10823-022-09461-3]
33. Lee SY. Media coverage of celebrity suicide caused by depression and increase in the number of people who seek depression treatment. Psychiatry Res. 2019;271:598-603. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.055]
34. Lee YJ. Depression literacy, associated factors, and correlation of related variables in middle-aged Korean adults: A cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(11):6021. [Link] [DOI:10.3390/ijerph20116021]
35. Cuijpers P, Miguel C, Harrer M, Plessen CY, Ciharova M, Ebert D, et al. Cognitive behavior therapy vs. control conditions, other psychotherapies, pharmacotherapies and combined treatment for depression: A comprehensive meta‐analysis including 409 trials with 52,702 patients. World Psychiatry. 2023;22(1):105-15. [Link] [DOI:10.1002/wps.21069]
36. Zahedi M, Razavi A, Sajjadi M, Nasirzadeh A. The effect of vitamin D on depression in individuals. Int J Med Rev. 2019;6(3):77-80. [Link] [DOI:10.29252/IJMR-060302]
37. Reavley NJ, Morgan AJ, Jorm AF. Development of scales to assess mental health literacy relating to recognition of and interventions for depression, anxiety disorders and schizophrenia/psychosis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2014;48(1):61-9. [Link] [DOI:10.1177/0004867413491157]
38. Amarasuriya SD, Jorm AF, Reavley NJ. Quantifying and predicting depression literacy of undergraduates: A cross sectional study in Sri Lanka. BMC Psychiatry. 2015;15:269. [Link] [DOI:10.1186/s12888-015-0658-8]

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.