Volume 11, Issue 2 (2023)
Health Educ Health Promot 2023, 11(2): 181-182 |
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Zarei F, Calleja N. Managing the Infodemic; The Power and Pitfalls of Metaphors. Health Educ Health Promot 2023; 11 (2) :181-182
URL: http://hehp.modares.ac.ir/article-5-69860-en.html
URL: http://hehp.modares.ac.ir/article-5-69860-en.html
1- Health Education & Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
2- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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An infodemic is characterized by the rapid spread of misinformation, disinformation, and misconceptions, which can have severe consequences for public health, social cohesion, and trust in institutions[1]. In this letter, we would like to present a scientific exploration of the role of metaphors in contributing to misconceptions and offer insights into effective infodemic management strategies. Metaphors are linguistic devices used to convey complex ideas by drawing parallels between different concepts[2].
Although they serve as powerful tools for simplification and understanding, they can also inadvertently create or perpetuate misconceptions. In the context of an infodemic, metaphors can be harnessed to disseminate accurate information and combat misinformation. However, care must be taken to avoid using metaphors that inadvertently reinforce misconceptions or oversimplify nuanced topics. For example, some common metaphors used to describe COVID-19 include “the virus as a war” or “the virus as a storm.” While these metaphors can convey the severity of the situation and mobilize collective action, they can also create a sense of fear or helplessness. Alternatively, metaphors such as “flattening the curve” or “building a bridge to normalcy” can provide a more empowering narrative that emphasizes individual and collective agency in managing the pandemic.
On the contrary, the occurrence of cultural misinterpretation of metaphors is widespread in the contemporary era of social media. This is due to the unfiltered dissemination of textual information across the globe, which surmounts cultural and national boundaries. When a metaphor, which may be comprehensible and acceptable in one culture, is translated and perused by individuals from a distinct culture, it may assume a completely different connotation and may even be deemed offensive. An exemplification of this phenomenon is the adage, "an apple a day keeps the doctor away." In Western societies, this maxim is commonly comprehended as a suggestion that consuming nourishing foods, such as apples, may aid in avoiding ailments and negating the need for medical attention. Nevertheless, in certain cultures where apples are not a prevalent fruit or where traditional medicine is more pervasive, this phrase may not carry the same significance or may even be regarded as perplexing or nonsensical. This highlights the importance of cultural sensitivity and awareness when communicating through global platforms and underscores the need for effective cross-cultural strategies to mitigate the potential for misunderstanding and misinterpretation.
Our vision delves into the psychological underpinnings of metaphors and their impact on information processing. Cognitive mechanisms, such as framing effects and the availability heuristic, play a critical role in how metaphors are received and understood. We believe that the potential pitfalls associated with metaphor are representations of complex issues that facilitate accurate comprehension and knowledge retention.
Moreover, many studies investigate the link between misconceptions and infodemic management[3-5]. Misconceptions can arise from various sources, including cognitive biases, misleading information, and pre-existing beliefs. These misconceptions can spread rapidly within a digital information ecosystem, exacerbating the challenges of an infodemic. Understanding the origins and drivers of misconceptions is essential for designing targeted interventions to counter their dissemination. Drawing upon interdisciplinary research, we highlight the importance of collaborative efforts between communication experts, psychologists, and public health authorities to implement effective infodemic management strategies. These strategies should encompass evidence-based approaches that challenge misinformation while providing accurate information through carefully crafted metaphors that facilitate comprehension and debunk misconceptions. Furthermore, this letter discusses the potential role of artificial intelligence (AI) in infodemic management. AI algorithms can assist in analyzing vast amounts of information to identify and debunk false or misleading claims. However, the challenge lies in ensuring AI’s reliability and avoiding the perpetuation of biases that may further propagate misconceptions. Integrating AI with human expertise can enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of infodemic management efforts.
In conclusion, managing an infodemic requires a multi-faceted approach that leverages the power of metaphors while avoiding their potential pitfalls. Collaborative efforts between experts from various fields can help design effective interventions that challenge misinformation and promote accurate understanding. The integration of AI with human expertise offers promising opportunities for enhancing infodemic management efforts.
Although they serve as powerful tools for simplification and understanding, they can also inadvertently create or perpetuate misconceptions. In the context of an infodemic, metaphors can be harnessed to disseminate accurate information and combat misinformation. However, care must be taken to avoid using metaphors that inadvertently reinforce misconceptions or oversimplify nuanced topics. For example, some common metaphors used to describe COVID-19 include “the virus as a war” or “the virus as a storm.” While these metaphors can convey the severity of the situation and mobilize collective action, they can also create a sense of fear or helplessness. Alternatively, metaphors such as “flattening the curve” or “building a bridge to normalcy” can provide a more empowering narrative that emphasizes individual and collective agency in managing the pandemic.
On the contrary, the occurrence of cultural misinterpretation of metaphors is widespread in the contemporary era of social media. This is due to the unfiltered dissemination of textual information across the globe, which surmounts cultural and national boundaries. When a metaphor, which may be comprehensible and acceptable in one culture, is translated and perused by individuals from a distinct culture, it may assume a completely different connotation and may even be deemed offensive. An exemplification of this phenomenon is the adage, "an apple a day keeps the doctor away." In Western societies, this maxim is commonly comprehended as a suggestion that consuming nourishing foods, such as apples, may aid in avoiding ailments and negating the need for medical attention. Nevertheless, in certain cultures where apples are not a prevalent fruit or where traditional medicine is more pervasive, this phrase may not carry the same significance or may even be regarded as perplexing or nonsensical. This highlights the importance of cultural sensitivity and awareness when communicating through global platforms and underscores the need for effective cross-cultural strategies to mitigate the potential for misunderstanding and misinterpretation.
Our vision delves into the psychological underpinnings of metaphors and their impact on information processing. Cognitive mechanisms, such as framing effects and the availability heuristic, play a critical role in how metaphors are received and understood. We believe that the potential pitfalls associated with metaphor are representations of complex issues that facilitate accurate comprehension and knowledge retention.
Moreover, many studies investigate the link between misconceptions and infodemic management[3-5]. Misconceptions can arise from various sources, including cognitive biases, misleading information, and pre-existing beliefs. These misconceptions can spread rapidly within a digital information ecosystem, exacerbating the challenges of an infodemic. Understanding the origins and drivers of misconceptions is essential for designing targeted interventions to counter their dissemination. Drawing upon interdisciplinary research, we highlight the importance of collaborative efforts between communication experts, psychologists, and public health authorities to implement effective infodemic management strategies. These strategies should encompass evidence-based approaches that challenge misinformation while providing accurate information through carefully crafted metaphors that facilitate comprehension and debunk misconceptions. Furthermore, this letter discusses the potential role of artificial intelligence (AI) in infodemic management. AI algorithms can assist in analyzing vast amounts of information to identify and debunk false or misleading claims. However, the challenge lies in ensuring AI’s reliability and avoiding the perpetuation of biases that may further propagate misconceptions. Integrating AI with human expertise can enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of infodemic management efforts.
In conclusion, managing an infodemic requires a multi-faceted approach that leverages the power of metaphors while avoiding their potential pitfalls. Collaborative efforts between experts from various fields can help design effective interventions that challenge misinformation and promote accurate understanding. The integration of AI with human expertise offers promising opportunities for enhancing infodemic management efforts.
Article Type: Letter to Editor |
Subject:
Health Promotion Approaches
Received: 2023/06/10 | Accepted: 2023/07/23 | Published: 2023/07/30
Received: 2023/06/10 | Accepted: 2023/07/23 | Published: 2023/07/30
References
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2. Glucksberg S, McGlone MS. Understanding figurative language: From metaphor to idioms. UK: Oxford University Press; 2001. [Link] [DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195111095.001.0001]
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4. Wilhelm E, Ballalai I, Belanger ME, Benjamin P, Bertrand-Ferrandis C, Bezbaruah S, et al. Measuring the burden of infodemics: Summary of the methods and results of the Fifth WHO Infodemic Management Conference. JMIR Infodemiol. 2023;3(1):e44207. [Link] [DOI:10.2196/44207]
5. Subramaniam C, Ismail S, Rani WNM, Mahdiyar A. Improving project communications management practices in the construction sector during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Malaysian scenario. Buildings. 2022;12(9):1291. [] [DOI:10.3390/buildings12091291]
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