1- Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Indonesia Health Profile 2023. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI; 2024. [Indonesian]
2- Rahayu S, Rahmatika DN. The Role of Posyandu in Monitoring the Growth and Development of Children Under Five. JURNAL ILMIAH KESEHATAN. 2022;15:103-13. [Indonesian]
3- Fajariyah RN, Hidajah AC. Correlation Between Immunization Status and Mother’s Height, and Stunting in Children 2–5 Years in Indonesia. Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi. 2020;8:89.
4- Bukit R. Analysis of factors influencing the elderly in the utilization of elderly integrated service posts (Posyandu Lansia) in Tangkerang Timur Urban Village, Tenayan Raya District. JURNAL KESMAS PRIMA INDONESIA. 2023;7:17-24.
5- Baker RE, Mahmud AS, Miller IF, Rajeev M, Rasambainarivo F, Rice BL, et al. Infectious disease in an era of global change. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2022;20:193-205.
6- Khasanah U, Efendi F, Has EMM, Adnani QES, Ramadhan K, Arna YD, et al. Healthcare-seeking behavior for children aged 0-59 months: Evidence from 2002-2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys. PLOS ONE. 2023;18;e0281543.
7- de Buhr E, Tannen A. Parental health literacy and health knowledge, behaviours and outcomes in children: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:1096.
8- Nur A, Sembiring AC, Nita MHD. Patterns of providing complementary food with incidents of stunting in toddlers in Kupang City, Ages 6-24 Months. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan (JIKA). 2023;5:432-42.
9- Adawiah R, Susanna D. Analysis of environmental and sociodemographic factors with the incidence of diarrhea in Toddlers in Aceh Province in 2023. Jurnal Kesehatan. 2024;17:267-79.
10- Muchlis N, Yusuf RA, Rusydi AR, Mahmud NU, Hikmah N, Qanitha A, Ahsan A. Cigarette smoke exposure and stunting among under-five children in rural and poor families in Indonesia. Environ Health Insights. 2023; 17:11786302231185210.
11- Danal PH, Nurhaeni N, Agustini N. Perceptions of Parents of Under-5-Year-Old Children with Pneumonia on the Effects of Tobacco Smoke: A Phenomenology Study in Manggarai, Eastern Indonesia. J Public Health Res. 2021;10:jphr.2021-409.
12- Titaley CR, Que BJ, de Lima FVI, Angkejaya OW, de Lima FVI, Maelissa MM, et al. Health care–seeking behavior of children with acute respiratory infections symptoms: Analysis of the 2012 and 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2020;32:310-19.
13- WHO. Guidelines on sanitation and health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021.
14- Agustina, Dukabain OM, Singga S, Wanti W, Suluh DG, Mado FG. Home sanitation facilities and prevalence of diarrhea for children in Oelnasi Village, Kupang Tengah Sub-district. Gaceta Sanitaria. 2021;35:S393-5.
15- Mahmud R, Aslinda A, Samiun Z, Mustary M, Kai F, Surianti S. Clean water availability and access to health services on maternal and child health status. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan (JIKA). 2024;6:510-8.
16- Erlangga D, Ali S, Bloor K. The impact of public health insurance on healthcare utilisation in Indonesia: Evidence from panel data. Inte J Public Health. 2019;64:603-13.
17- Cheng Q, Fattah RA, Susilo D, Satrya A, Haemmerli M, Kosen S, et al. Determinants of healthcare utilization under the Indonesian national health insurance system – a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2025;25:48.
18- Astuti D, Kongsin S, Jiamton S, Prakongsai P, Hearnden S. Utilization of primary health care under national health insurance in Samarinda Municipality, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. J Multidisciplin Healthcare. 2024;17:1025-39.
19- Fuady A, Arifin B, Yunita F, Rauf S, Fitriangga A, Sugiharto A, et al. Stigma, depression, quality of life, and the need for psychosocial support among people with tuberculosis in Indonesia: A multi-site cross-sectional study. PLOS Global Public Health. 2024;4:e0002489.
20- Rausanfikra SS, Rakhmawati W, Hendrawati S, Maryam NNA. Healthcare-Seeking Attitudes and Behaviors of Parents with Children Suffering from Tuberculosis during the COVID-19 Pandemic at Al-Ihsan Regional General Hospital (RSUD). Holist Nurs Health Sci. 2023;6:19-29. [Indonesian]
21- Putra IWGAE, Dewi NPEP, Probandari AN, Notobroto HB, Wahyuni C. The Implementation of comprehensive health education to improve household contacts’ participation in early detection of tuberculosis. Health Educ Behav. 2021;50:136-43.
22- McLeroy KR, Bibeau D, Steckler A, Glanz K. An ecological perspective on health promotion programs. Health Educ Q. 1988;15(4):351-77.
23- Golden SD, Earp JAL. Social ecological approaches to individuals and their contexts: Twenty years of health education & behavior health promotion interventions. Health Educ Behav. 2012;39(3):364-72.
24- Aji RS, Efendi F, Kurnia ID, Tonapa SI, Chan C-M. Determinants of maternal healthcare service utilization among Indonesian mothers: A population-based study. F1000Research. 2022;10:1124.
25- Sulaiman, Putri US, Jufri. Factors associated with the utilization of maternal and child health services at the batauga community health center, batauga district, buton regency. JURNAL MITRASEHAT. 2023;12:215-23. [Indonesian]
26- Sari RK, Handayani D. Utilization of health services among indonesian children: The influence of poverty and maternal characteristics. MEDIA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT INDONESIA. 2020;16:305-16. [Indonesian]
27- Horen NM, Sayles J, Mcdermott K, Sippel-klug K, Drake-croft J, Long T. Infant and early childhood mental health (IECMH) and early childhood intervention: Intentional integration. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024;21(7):870.
28- Wuneh AD, Bezabih AM, Okwaraji YB, Persson LÅ, Medhanyie AA. Wealth and education inequities in maternal and child health services utilization in rural Ethiopia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(9):5421.
29- Bango M, Ghosh S. Social and regional disparities in utilization of maternal and child healthcare services in India: A study of the post-national health mission period. Front Pediatr. 2022;10:895033.
30- Triatmaja NT, Mahmudiono T, Mamun AA, Abdullah NA. Effectiveness of positive deviance approach to reduce malnutrition among under five children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies. Nutrients. 2023;15(8):1961.
31- Rammohan A, Goli S, Chu H. Continuum of care in maternal and child health in Indonesia. Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2024;25:e17.
32- Gebremedhin TA, Mohanty I, Niyonsenga T. Public health insurance and maternal health care utilization in India: Evidence from the 2005 2012 mothers’ cohort data. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;22:155.
33- Azul AM, Almendra R, Quatorze M, Loureiro A, Reis F, Tavares R, et al. Unhealthy lifestyles, environment, well-being and health capability in rural neighbourhoods: A community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2021;21:1628.
34- Shrestha B, Green DJ, Baidya M, Chater T, Karki J, Lee ACK, et al. Determinants affecting utilisation of health services and treatment for children under-5 in rural Nepali health centres: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2022;22:1948.
35- Rahmawati T, Hsieh H. Appraisal of universal health insurance and maternal health services utilization: Pre- and post-context of the Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional implementation in Indonesia. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1301421.
36- Herwansyah H, Czabanowska K, Kalaitzi S, Schröder-Bäck P. Understanding interpersonal influences on maternal health service utilization at community health centers: A mixed-methods study in Indonesia. Healthcare. 2025;13(1):42.
37- Riza Y, Budiarto W, Haksama S, Kuntoro K, Yudhastuti R, Wibowo A, et al. Perceived behavior model for heart disease prevention in BPJS Mandiri participants: A health belief approach. Health Dyn. 2025;2(7):303-12.
38- Wati L, Fitriani F, Rismawati R, Ernawati E, Marniati M. BPJS employment strategy in guaranteeing Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) for Non-Wage Earners (NWE) in the Fisheries Sector. Health Dyn. 2024;1(7):223-9.
39- WHO. Children’s environmental health [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024 [cited June 05, 2026]. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/children-environmental-health#tab=tab_1
40- Budiono A, Gulyamov SS, Nugroho HSW, Al Mamun A, Mustaffa A. Health security policies: A comparative study through constitutional frameworks and the insights of Veronica Rodriguez-Blanco. VOLKSGEIST: JURNAL ILMU HUKUM DAN KONSTITUSI. 2025;8(2):431-57.
