Background and Objective: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide and in Iran. Health literacy (HL) is a crucial factor in managing such conditions. This study aimed to examine the relationship between HL and health-promoting behaviors (HPBs) among patients with CVD in Khāsh, southeast Iran.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 350 CVD patients from Imam Khomeini Hospital in Khāsh were selected via convenience sampling. Data were collected using two validated instruments: the Short Form of the Health Literacy for Iranian Adults (HELIA-SF) and the Walker Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP-II). Data analysis was performed using Pearson’s correlation, multiple linear regression, and ANOVA in SPSS-24.
Results: The mean HL score was 36.25 ± 22.65, indicating a poor overall level. HPBs were moderate (139.84 ± 21.74), with the lowest score in physical activity (20.54 ± 4.39). HL showed the strongest correlation with physical activity (r = 0.632, p < 0.001) and the weakest with stress management (r = 0.297, p < 0.001). Regression analysis identified HL as the strongest predictor of HPBs (β = 0.666, p < 0.001), followed by basic HL skills (β = 0.435) and decision-making skills (β = 0.330). The model explained approximately 52% of the variance in HPBs (R² = 0.524).
Conclusion: HL is the most significant predictor of health-promoting behaviors in CVD patients. These findings underscore the need for targeted educational interventions—particularly in underserved regions—to improve HL and promote healthier lifestyles, thereby reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease.