1- Bouya S, Balouchi A, Rafiemanesh H, Amirshahi M, Dastres M, Moghadam MP, et al. Global prevalence and device-related causes of needle stick injuries among health care workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Glob Health. 2020;86(1):35.
2- Baig NN, Aleem SA. Occupational hazards among dental surgeons in Karachi. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2016;26(4):320-2.
3- Shahabinejad M, Ghiasi A, Ghaffari M, Barkhordar A, Soltani Poorsheikh S. Identify occupational hazards of each of the occupational groups in a military hospital. J Nurse Physician War. 2017;5(15):31-7. [Persian]
4- Somville FJ, De Gucht V, Maes S. The impact of occupational hazards and traumatic events among Belgian emergency physicians. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2016;24(1):59.
5- Gebrezgiabher BB, Tetemke D, Yetum T. Awareness of occupational hazards and utilization of safety measures among welders in Aksum and Adwa towns, Tigray Region, Ethiopia, 2013. J Environ Public Health. 2019;2019:4174085.
6- Tompa E, Mofidi A, Van Den Heuvel S, Van Bree T, Michaelsen F, Jung Y, et al. Economic burden of work injuries and diseases: A framework and application in five European Union countries. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):49.
7- Berhane K, Kumie A, Samet J. Health effects of environmental exposures, occupational hazards, and climate change in Ethiopia: Synthesis of situational analysis, needs assessment, and the way forward. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2016;30(1 Spec Iss):50-6.
8- Vahedian Shahroodi M, Mohammadi F, Tehrani H. A review of studies in the field of knowledge and safe behaviours of workers in Iran. J Health Lit. 2016;1(1):25-38. [Persian]
9- Opoku SY, Yeboah C, Ampon Wireko S, Hinneh RK. Occupational health and safety hazards experienced by healthcare workers at two hospitals in Suyani, Bono Region, Ghana. Occup Dis Environ Med. 2023;11(2):122-36.
10- Naithani M, Khapre M, Kathrotia R, Gupta PK, Dhingra VK, Rao S. Evaluation of sensitization program on occupational health hazards for nursing and allied health care workers in a tertiary health care setting. Front Public Health. 2021;9:669179.
11- Yaghoti H, Tol A, Sadeghi R, Mazloumi A, Rahimi Foroushani A, Ghaderi A. Assessing predictive factors of awareness in personal protective equipment use (PPEs) among workers employed at Iran Aluminium Company (IRALCO): Application of social cognitive theory. J Health Saf Work. 2021;11(1):13-25. [Persian]
12- Akbari Somar N, Mohebbi B, Sadeghi R, Tol A, Yaseri M. Assessing the predictive factors of self care, public knowledge, and general belief in rational use of antibiotics, based on social cognitive theory. J Health Syst Res. 2018;13(4):507-14. [Persian]
13- Rezaei MS, Golbabaei F, Behzadi MH. Assessing the healthcare workers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice toward health, safety, and environment in an educational hospital affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences (2012-2013). J Environ Sci Technol. 2017;19(1):347-55. [Persian]
14- Ivari TK, Heshmati H, Faryabi R, Goudarzian Z, Ghodrati A, Najafi F, et al. Effect of health belief model-based education on nutritional behaviors of pregnant women referred to health centers in Torbat-e-Heydariyeh City. J Health Field. 2016;3(4):23-31. [Persian]
15- Taheri AM, Mohebi S, Gharlipour Z. Effect of educational program based protection motivation theory on preventive behaviors of skin cancer among farmers in Kashan. Int J Cancer Manag. 2019;12(3):e85944.
16- Abadi SSH, Mehri A, Rastaghi S, Hashemian M, Joveini H, Rakhshani MH, et al. Effectiveness of educational intervention based on Protection Motivation Theory to promotion of preventive behaviors from brucellosis among ranchers of farmer. J Educ Community Health. 2021;8(1):11-9.
17- Jahani Eftekhari M, Peyman N. Effect of educational intervention based on Protection Motivation Theory on promoting pediculosis preventive behaviors among elementary school girls in Neyshabur. J Educ Community Health. 2018;5(2):1-7. [Persian]
18- Li Q, Liu Q, Chen X, Tan X, Zhang M, Tuo J, et al. Protection motivation theory in predicting cervical cancer screening participation: A longitudinal study in rural Chinese women. Psychooncology. 2020;29(3):564-71.
19- Malmir S, Barati M, Jeihooni AK, Bashirian S, Hazavehei SMM. Effect of an educational intervention based on Protection Motivation Theory on preventing cervical cancer among marginalized women in West Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2018;19(3):755-61.
20- Babazadeh T, Nadrian H, Banayejeddi M, Rezapour B. Determinants of skin cancer preventive behaviors among rural farmers in Iran: An application of Protection Motivation Theory. J Cancer Educ. 2017;32(3):604-12.
21- Hosseini Zijoud SS, Rahaei Z, Hekmatimoghaddam S, Zarei S, Sadeghian HA. Effect of education based on the protection motivation theory on the promotion of protective behaviors in medical laboratories’ staff in Yazd, Iran. Int Arch Health Sci. 2023;10(4):171-6.
22- Kothe EJ, Ling M, North M, Klas A, Mullan BA, Novoradovskaya L. Protection motivation theory and pro-environmental behaviour: A systematic mapping review. Aust J Psychol. 2019;71(4):411-32.
23- Güllü M, Türkkan A. Frequency and characteristics of occupational injuries and infections in senior medical students: A 5-year retrospective study. Discov Public Health. 2025;22(1):239.
24- Larese Filon F, Pesce M, Paulo MS, Loney T, Modenese A, John SM, et al. Incidence of occupational contact dermatitis in healthcare workers: A systematic review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021;35(6):1285-9.
25- Mengistu DA, Tolera ST, Demmu YM. Worldwide prevalence of occupational exposure to needle stick injury among healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2021;2021:9019534.
26- Karimi M, Khoramaki Z, Faradonbeh MR, Ghaedi M, Ashoori F, Asadollahi A. Predictors of hospital nursing staff’s adherence to safe injection guidelines: Application of the Protection Motivation Theory in Fars Province, Iran. BMC Nurs. 2024;23(1):25.
27- Nouri M, Ghasemi S, Dabaghi S, Sarbakhsh P. The effects of an educational intervention based on the protection motivation theory on the protective behaviors of emergency ward nurses against occupational hazards: A quasi-experimental study. BMC Nurs. 2024;23(1):409.
28- Amare TG, Tesfaye TT, Girmay B, Gebreagziabher TT. Exposure to occupational health hazards among nursing and midwifery students during clinical practice. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2021;14:2211-20.
29- Keicher F, Zirkel J, Leutritz T, König S. Combatting the occurrence of needle stick injuries in a medical school: Why is it still an issue?. BMC Med Educ. 2024;24(1):312.
30- Wu M, Yan J, Yan C. Do media stories about medical workers’ arduousness scare medical students? Insights from a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2025;25(1):641.
31- Wu M, Yan J, Qiao C, Yan C. Impact of concurrent media exposure on professional identity: Cross-sectional study of 1087 medical students during long COVID. J Med Internet Res. 2024;26:e50057.
32- Güngördü N, Kurtul S. Knowledge and attitudes of medical students towards occupational diseases. J Harran Univ Med Fac. 2022;19(1):198-207.
33- Vasli P, Zahedinia S, Hosseini M, Nasiri M. A protection motivation theory-based empowerment intervention for promoting health behaviors in women with human papillomavirus: An experimental study. Sex Transm Dis. 2023;50(11):e34-6.
34- Roozbahani N, Kaviani A H, Khorsandi M. Path analysis of skin cancer preventive behavior among rural women based on protection motivation theory. BMC Womens Health. 2020;20(1):121.
35- Okuhara T, Okada H, Kiuchi T. Predictors of staying at home during the COVID-19 pandemic and social lockdown based on Protection Motivation Theory: A cross-sectional study in Japan. Healthcare. 2020;8(4):475.
36- Bashirian S, Jenabi E, Khazaei S, Barati M, Karimi Shahanjarini A, Zareian S, et al. Factors associated with preventive behaviours of COVID-19 among hospital staff in Iran in 2020: An application of the Protection Motivation Theory. J Hosp Infect. 2020;105(3):430-3.
37- Kusol K, Kaewpawong P. Perceived self-efficacy, preventive health behaviors, and quality of life among nursing students in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2023;17:1989-97.
38- Dębska Janus M, Rozpara M, Muchacka Cymerman A, Dębski P, Tomik R. Health behaviors in the context of optimism and self-efficacy-the role of gender differences: A cross-sectional study in Polish health sciences students. Behav Sci. 2025;15(5):626.
39- Noroozi Masir M, Tarrahi MJ, Fathian Dastgerdi Z, Rahimi M. Investigating the factors related to protective behaviors against COVID-19 in healthcare workers: Application of the extended parallel process model. Health Sci Rep. 2023;6(12):e1778.
