Modeling a Job Demands-Resources Framework in Indonesian Primary Healthcare; a Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares Analysis

Document Type : Descriptive & Survey

Authors
R. Rahman 1
P. Patwayati 2
L.H. La Hatani 2
S.W. Maharani 2
1 Department of Management Science, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia
2 Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia
Abstract
Aims: Primary health care requires personnel with strong psychological resources to maintain optimal performance. Grounded in the Job Demands-Resources model, this study examines the mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between personal resources—self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism—and healthcare professionals’ performance.
Instrument & Methods: This study employed an explanatory cross-sectional design. Data were collected from 292 primary healthcare professionals using a Likert-scale questionnaire and proportional stratified random sampling. Structural relationships and mediation effects were analysed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 4, assessing both measurement and structural models.
Findings: Personal resources significantly influenced work engagement, with optimism (β=0.430), self-efficacy (β=0.318), and resilience (β=0.161) showing positive effects. Work engagement had a strong and significant effect on performance (β=0.699). Direct effects of optimism and resilience on performance were not significant. However, mediation analysis revealed significant indirect effects of optimism (β=0.301), self-efficacy (β=0.222), and resilience (β=0.113) on performance through work engagement.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that personal resources primarily enhance performance through work engagement. Strengthening psychological resources and fostering supportive work environments are essential strategies for improving performance in primary health care settings.

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Subjects

Health Education and Health Promotion
Volume 14, Issue 1
Winter 2026
Pages 37-43