Exploring Predictors of Antibiotic Self-Medication Among Healthcare Workers: A Health Belief Model Perspective

Document Type : Descriptive & Survey

Authors
Aazam Shoj-Malayeri
Tayebeh Fassihi-Harandi
Abbas Moghimbeigi
Ali Safari-Moadabadi
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to examine the determinants of antibiotic self-medication (ASM) behavior among health workers using the Health Belief Model (HBM) in 2024.

Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed, and data were collected from 146 health workers in the southern region of Tehran. A standardized questionnaire based on the HBM was used to gather demographic information and evaluate HBM constructs related to self-medication practices. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and linear regression. Results: The majority of participants were female (90%), with a mean age of 37.78 years. The average score for ASM behavior was 86.04%. Notably, women demonstrated a higher behavior score than men, and having health insurance was associated with an increased behavior score. Significant associations were found between education level, age, number of children, and self-medication behavior. Linear regression analysis indicated that all HBM constructs—knowledge, perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy—influenced appropriate antibiotic consumption behavior, with knowledge exhibiting the strongest effect. Conclusion: This study identified knowledge, self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers as key predictors of ASM behavior among health workers. The findings highlight the need for targeted educational initiatives to raise awareness about the harmful consequences of self-medication and promote rational drug use. Designing interventions that address gender disparities and take into account age and education levels may be instrumental in reducing self-medication practices within this professional group.

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Health Education and Health Promotion
Volume 13, Issue 3
Summer 2025
Pages 1001-1007