Health Education and Health Promotion

Determining the Contribution of Quality of Life for Addicts based on Family Communication Pattern and Spiritual Intelligence

Document Type : Descriptive & Survey

Authors

F. Raiisi 1
M. Tehranizadeh 2
F. Amini 3

1 Institute of Cognitive Science, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Payame-Noor University, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Health Education & Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract
Aims: Quality of life is a variable that can be related to a variety of psychological variables. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between the family communication model and spiritual intelligence and quality of life among addicts, as well as predict their quality of life based on family communication model and spiritual intelligence.

Instruments & Methods: This study is correlational. The study population consisted of all addicts of Tehran. The sample size was 150 addicts who were studying in 2019. They were selected by a purposive sampling method. Data were collected by King's Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire (2008), World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHO) and family communication patterns questionnaire (Fitzpatri & Ritchi, 1994). For data analysis, correlation and regression have been used. Data were analyzed using software SPSS 22.

Findings: The findings indicated that there is a significant relationship between family variables or family patterns, spiritual intelligence, and their components with quality of life and its components. 16.8% of the variance in quality of life variables is explained by two variables of family communication patterns and spiritual intelligence.

Conclusion: It is possible to predict the quality of life of students through two variables of family communication patterns and spiritual intelligence. Many of the psychological, environmental, and family factors are related to the quality of life of students and one of the most important ones, as the results of this study suggest, is family communication patterns and spiritual intelligence.

Keywords

Family Communication Pattern
Spiritual Intelligence
Quality of Life
Subjects
  1. References
    [1] Kearns R, Lee D. General Psychology: An Introduction cover image General Psychology: An Introduction. London; Independent, 2015.
    [2] Ahadi H, Rebati A. Health psychology: Fundamental Concepts in Health Psychology. Tehran, Pendar Taban, 2017.
    [3] Anisman H. Health Psychology. Canada: SAGE, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada, 2016.
    [4] Koerner AF. Family Communication Patterns and Social Support in Families of Origin and Adult Children`s Subsequent Intimate Relationships. International Association for Relationship Research Conference, Madison, WI, 1-39, 2004.
    [5] Fitzpatrick MA. The family communication patterns theory: observations on its development and application. Journal of Family Communication, 2004; 4: 167-179.
    [6] McLeod J, Chaffee SH. The Construction of Social Reality, in The Social Influence Process. ed. JT. Tiedeschi, Chicago: Aldine Atherton, 1972.
    [7] Fitzpatrick MA, Ritchie LD. Communication schemata within the family: Multiple perspectives on family interaction. Human Communication Research, 1994; 20: 275-301.
    [8] Raghebi M, Bakshani NM, Moolleys H. Investigation of simple & multiple between mental health, spiritual intelligence & dysfunction attitudes among Zahedan university students. Mental health principles, 2010; (12) 4: 702-709. [Persian].
    [9] King DB. Rethinking claims of spiritual intelligence: A definition, model and measure. Dissertation. Trent University, 2008.
    [10] Ardalan MR, Sarjahani Z, Sarjahani M. The Relationship of Teachers’ Spiritual Intelligence to Quality of Work Life and Maturity. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration, 2014; 5(17): 81-102.
    [11] Haditabar H, Navabinejad S, Ahghar G. Effect of training spiritual intelligence on quality of life among veteran spouses. Iran J War Public Health. 2012; 4 (2) :1-11. [Persian].
    [12] Shahraki Sanavi F, Navidian A, Ansary Moghadam AR, Faraji Shoy M. The Relationship of Family Communication Patterns on Life Quality in Adolescents. Journal of Family Counseling & Psychotherapy, 2011; 1(1): 101-114. [Persian].
    [13] Nasre Esfahani N, Etemadi, A. The relationship between personality characteristics with spiritual intelligence & quality of life among Alame Tabatabaii university students. Research & Health journal, 2015; 1 (1), 226-235. [Persian].
    [14] Asgari S, Rashidi, AR, Naghshineh, T, Sharifi, S. The relationship between Family Communication Patterns and differentiation of self with quality of life of women applicant divorce. frooyesh, 2015; 4(2): 87-112. [Persian].
    [15] Naeem, M, Seifi Taghi Dizaj Z. Comparison of spiritual intelligence and quality of life in addicted and non-addicted people, First International Conference on Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shiraz, 2015 [Persian].
    [16] Muller AE, Skurtveit, S, Clausen T. Many correlates of poor quality of life among substance users entering treatment are not addiction-specific. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2016; 14(39):1.
    [17] Alaei S, Zabihi R, Ahmadi A, Doosti A. Emotional Intelligence, Spiritual Intelligence, Self-esteem and Self Control of Substance Abuse. International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal, 2017; 9(4): 1-8.
    [18] Lander L, Howsare J, Byrne M. The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice. Soc Work Public Health. 2013; 28 (0): 194–205.
    [19] Akmali, Asie, Madmoli Y. The Role of Spiritual Intelligence in Drug Abuse in Addicted People, National Conference on Newhibition and Rehabilitation Care, Dezful, Islamic Azad University, Dezful Branch, Scientific Vice Chancellor of the School of Midwifery Nursing, 2019 [Persian].
    [20] Assari S, Jafari M. Quality of Life and Drug Abuse. In: Preedy V.R., Watson R.R. (eds) Handbook of Disease Burdens and Quality of Life Measures. Springer, New York, NY. 2010.
    [21] Nasiry Zarrin Ghabaee D, Saber-Moghadam M, Bagheri Nesami M, Haresabadi M. Relationship between Mental Health and Quality of Life in patients with heart failure. Iran J Rehab Res Nurs, 2015; 1(4): 21-30. [Persian].
    [22] Nedjat, S., Montazeri, A., Mohammad, K., Majdzadeh, R., Nabavi, N., Nedjat, F. Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis Compared to the Healthy Population in Tehran. irje. 2006; 2 (3,4):19-24. [Persian].
    [23] Koerner AF, Fitzpatrik MA. Toward a theory of family communication. Communication Theory, 2002b; 12(1): 70-91.
    [24] Korosh Nia M. The effect of family communication dimensions on child’s mental adaptation. Unpublished Master dissertation. Shiraz University, 2006. [Persian].
    [25] Zhong X, Zu S, Sha S, Tao R, Zhao C, Yang F, Li M, Sha P. The Effect of a Family-based Intervention Model On Internet-addicted Chinese Adolescents. Scientific Journal Publishers, 2011; 39(8): 1021-1034.
    [26] Gunuc S, Dogan A. The relationships between Turkish adolescents’ Internet addiction, their perceived social support and family activities. Computers in Human Behavior, 2013; 29(6): 2197-2207.
    [27] Van Wormer K. (2008) Counseling Family Members of Addicts/Alcoholics: The Stages of Change Model, Journal of Family Social Work, 2008; 11(2): 202-221.
    [28] Wills TA, Year MA, Sandy J. Buffering effects of religiosity for adolescent substance use. Psychology of Addictive Behaviours. 2003;17(1): 26-31.
    [29] Galanter M, Dermatis H, Santucci C. Young people in alcoholics anonymous: The role of spiritual orientation and AA member affiliation. Journal of Addictive Diseases. 2012;31(2):173-182.
    [30] Narimani M, PorEsmaeili A. Comparing alexithymia and spiritual intelligence between addicts, individuals treated with methadone and non-addicts (Persian). Research on Addiction, 6th Edition. 2013; 22:7-22. [Persian].
    [31] Ahghar Ch. Effectiveness of the group's spiritual intelligence training on change of attitude towards drugs in students (Persian). Thought and Behavior in Clinical Psychology. 2014; 8(30):77-85. [Persian].
  2. Kearns R, Lee D. General psychology: An Introduction. Unknown Publisher city: Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work Open Textbooks; 2015. [Link]
  3. Ahadi H, Rebati A. Health psychology: Fundamental concepts in health psychology. 1st Edition. Tehran: Pendar-e Taban; 2017. [Persian] [Link]
  4. Anisman H. Health psychology. 1st Edition. Thousand Oaks: SAGE; 2016. [Link]
  5. Koerner AF, Maki L. Family communication patterns and social support in families of origin and adult children's subsequent intimate relationships. International Association for Relationship Research Conference, 2004 July 22-25, Madison, Wisconsin. Unknown Publisher city: Unknown Publisher; 2004. [Link]
  6. Fitzpatrick MA. Family communication patterns theory: Observations on its development and application. J Fam Commun. 2004;4(3-4):167-79. [Link] [DOI:10.1080/15267431.2004.9670129]
  7. McLeod J, Chaffee SH. The construction of social reality. In: Tedeschi JT, editor. The social influence process. Piscataway: Transaction Publishers; 1972. [Link]
  8. Fitzpatrick MA, Ritchie LD. Communication schemata within the family: Multiple perspectives on family interaction. Hum Commun Res. 1994;20(3):275-301. [Link] [DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1994.tb00324.x]
  9. Eric M, Fife C, Leigh N, Amber S, Messersmith. The influence of family communication patterns on religious orientation among college students. J Fam Commun. 2014;14(1):72-84. [Link] [DOI:10.1080/15267431.2013.857326]
  10. King DB. Rethinking claims of spiritual intelligence: A definition, model and measure [Dissertation]. Peterborough: Trent University; 2008. [Link]
  11. Ardalan MR, Sarjahani Z, Sarjahani M. The relationship of teachers' spiritual intelligence to quality of work life and maturity. J New Approaches Educ Adm. 2014;5(17):81-102. [Persian] [Link]
  12. Haditabar HA, Navabinejad Sh, Ahghar G. Effect of training spiritual intelligence on quality of life among veteran spouses. Iran J War Public Health. 2012;4(2):1-11. [Persian] [Link]
  13. Shahraki Sanavi F, Navidian A, Ansary Moghadam A, Faraji Shoy M. The relationship of family communication patterns on life quality in adolescents. J Fam Couns Psychother. 2011;1(1):101-14. [Persian] [Link]
  14. Nasre Esfahani N, Etemadi A. The relationship between personality characteristics with spiritual intelligence & quality of life among Alame Tabatabaii university students. J Res Health. 2012;2(2):226-35. [Persian] [Link]
  15. Asgari S, Rashidi AR, Naghshineh T. The relationship between family communication patterns and differentiation of self with quality of life of women applicant divorce. ROOYESH-E-RAVANSHENASI J. 2015;4(2):87-112. [Persian] [Link]
  16. Alaei S, Zabihi R, Ahmadi A, Doosti A, Saberi SM. Emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, self-esteem and self control of substance abuse. Int Neuropsychiatr Dis J. 2017;9(4):1-8. [Link] [DOI:10.9734/INDJ/2017/33461]
  17. Muller AE, Skurtveit S, Clausen T. Many correlates of poor quality of life among substance users entering treatment are not addiction-specific. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2016;14(1):39. [Link] [DOI:10.1186/s12955-016-0439-1]
  18. Alaei S, Zabihi R, Ahmadi A, Doosti A. Emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, self-esteem and self control of substance abuse. Int Neuropsychiatr Dis J. 2017;9(4):1-8. [Link] [DOI:10.9734/INDJ/2017/33461]
  19. Lander L, Howsare J, Byrne M. The impact of substance use disorders on families and children: from theory to practice. Soc Work Public Health. 2013;28(3-4):194-205. [Link] [DOI:10.1080/19371918.2013.759005]
  20. Moallemi S. Spiritual intelligence and high risk behaviors. Int J High Risk Behav Addict. 2014;3(1):e18477. [Link] [DOI:10.5812/ijhrba.18477]
  21. Assari S, Jafari M. Quality of life and drug abuse. In: Preedy VR. Handbook of disease burdens and quality of life measures. Preedy VR, Watson RR, editors. Berlin: Springer; 2010. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/978-0-387-78665-0_214]
  22. Nasiry Zarrin Ghabaee D, Saber Moghadam Ranjbar M, Bagheri Nesami M, Haresabadi M. Relationship between mental health and Quality of Life in patients with heart failure. Iran J Rehabil Res. 2015;1(4):21-30. [Persian] [Link] [DOI:10.21859/joe-04015]
  23. Nedjat S, Montazeri A, Mohammad K, Majdzadeh R, Nabavi N, Nedjat F, et al. Quality of life in multiple sclerosis compared to the healthy population in Tehran. Iran J Epidemiol. 2006;2(3):19-24. [Persian] [Link]
  24. Koerner AF, Fitzpatrick MA. Toward a theory of family communication. Commun Theory. 2002;12(1):70-91. [Link] [DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2002.tb00260.x]
  25. Koroshnia M, Latifian M. An investigation on validity and reliability of revised family communication patterns instrument. J Fam Res. 2008;3(12):855-75. [Persian] [Link]
  26. Zhong X, Zu S, Sha Sh, Tao R, Zhao Ch, Yang F, et al. The effect of a family-based intervention model on Internet-addicted Chinese adolescents. Soc Behav Personal Int J. 2011;39(8):1021-34. [Link] [DOI:10.2224/sbp.2011.39.8.1021]
  27. Gunuc S, Dogan A. The relationships between Turkish adolescents' Internet addiction, their perceived social support and family activities. Comput Hum Behav. 2013;29(6):2197-207. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.011]
  28. Van Wormer K. Counseling family members of addicts/alcoholics: The stages of change model. J Fam Soc Work. 2008;11(2):202-21. [Link] [DOI:10.1080/10522150802174319]
  29. Wills TA, Yaeger AM, Sandy JM. Buffering effect of religiosity for adolescent substance use. Psychol Addict Behav. 2003;17(1):24-31. [Link] [DOI:10.1037/0893-164X.17.1.24]
  30. Galanter M, Dermatis H, Santucci C. Young people in alcoholics anonymous: The role of spiritual orientation and AA member affiliation. J Addict Dis. 2012;31(2):173-82. [Link] [DOI:10.1080/10550887.2012.665693]
  31. Narimani M, Poresmaeili A. Comparing alexithymia and spiritual intelligence between addicts, individuals treated with methadone and non-addicts. J Res Addict. 2013;6(22):7-22. [Persian] [Link]
  32. Ahghar G. Effectiveness of the group's spiritual intelligence training on change of attitude towards drugs in students. J Thought Behav Clin Psychol. 2014;8(30):77-89. [Persian] [Link]
Health Education and Health Promotion
Volume 8, Issue 3
Autumn 2020
Pages 155-160