Health Education and Health Promotion

Abstract Aims: Negative views of dentists contribute to dental anxiety and reduced visits, worsening oral health. In Iran, where oral diseases are common and preventive care is low, understanding dental beliefs is essential. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Persian Dental Beliefs Survey-Revised to support dental health awareness and behavior change.
Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional psychometric study was conducted in 2024, involving 400 students at Saveh University of Medical Sciences, selected via convenience sampling. The original Dental Beliefs Survey-Revised was translated from English to Persian using the forward-backward translation method. Face and content validity were confirmed through qualitative assessment. Structural validity was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Internal consistency and reliability were measured by Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, and Composite Reliability. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed through average variance extracted, maximum shared variance, and Fornell-Larcker criteria. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 21 and AMOS 18.
Findings: The Persian Dental Beliefs Survey-Revised identified four factors (ethics (8 items), communication (6 items), control (4 items), and trust (6 items)) explaining 56.8% of the total variance. Goodness-of-fit indices from confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a satisfactory model fit. All reliability indices were strong, and both convergent and discriminant validity were found to be acceptable.
Conclusion: The Persian version of the DBS-R demonstrates strong psychometric properties and is suitable for use in academic, clinical, and public health research within Persian-speaking populations.

Abstract Aims: This study aimed to design and psychometric a tool for measuring the knowledge, beliefs, and behavior of teachers regarding COVID-19 preventive behaviors.
Instrument & Methods: The goal was to create a tool that may be used to create an educational intervention that promotes preventive behaviors. A 60-item scale regarding COVID-19 preventive behaviors was developed upon literature review. Then, face and content validity were evaluated using quantitative and qualitative methods, through the involvement of the participants and expert panel. The internal consistency and reliability were assessed and approved using Cronbach's alpha index and test-retest.
Findings: The face and content validity of the primarily developed scale was confirmed by item impacts of 1.5, 0.49 CVR, and 0.79 CVI, and the number of items dropped to 60. The reliability of the instrument was approved by Cronbach's alpha of 0.67 to 0.95 and a correlation coefficient of 0.65 to 0.93.
Conclusion: Based on the results, the scale that was developed using the constructs of the HBM for COVID-19 preventive behaviors among teachers had appropriate validity and reliability.

Abstract Aim: Oral health plays a crucial role to general health, and influences individual’s quality of life. This study aimed to determine effective factors on dental health behaviors among Iranian students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on high school students in the city of Sanandaj (western Iran) from November 2014 to July 2015. An instrument with 35 items was used for data collection. It included two sections: socio-demographic characteristics, and 7 domains related to dental health behaviors. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by using face, content and construct validity, and test-retest and Cronbach''s alpha, respectively. Simple random sampling and systematic random sampling techniques were used to select high school students. Plaque Index (PI) was recorded during the clinical dental examination. Finally, data were entered into the SPSS version 16.0 software and analyzed using ANOVA, Regression logistic, correlation coefficient tests, and independent t-test. Findings: There were statistically significant correlations between the role of school, fear of dental care, motivational beliefs, and value of teeth (P

Abstract Aim: Patients' satisfaction (PS) is a dominant concept in medical care, due to the gap in the literature on Persian version of PS instruments, this study has conducted with aim to analyze the validity and reliability of self-designed Najmiyeh Inpatient Satisfaction Questionnaire (NISQ). Methods: This study was carried out on 247 inpatients that came in Najmiyeh subspecialty hospital in Tehran (the capital city of Iran) during year 2011 who were selected by proportional stratified sampling method. Statistical analysis used: In this study, after checking content validity we used confirmatory and explanatory factor analysis and Cronbach's Alpha in order to examine construct validity and reliability, respectively. SPSS (version18) and AMOS (version 20) programmer were used to analyze data. Findings: Samples consisted of 247 subjects (222 women (90%) and 25 men (10%)). The explanatory factor analysis showed 5 factors with 64% total variance and 0.91 Kaser-Meyer-Olkin Index, the result also confirmed with confirmatory factor analysis (PNFI=0.71, RMR=0.03, PCFI=0.76). Extracted factors consisted of: “satisfaction from nursing services and their behaviour”, “satisfaction from one’s doctor”, “satisfaction from inpatient department”, “companions’ satisfaction”, “satisfaction from one’s room”. Also the questionnaire’s reliability was 0.96 using the Cronbach's Alpha method. Conclusions: Because validity and reliability indexes of NISQ were reported in suitable range, we can confirm that this questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for measuring inpatient satisfaction.