Health Education and Health Promotion

Abstract Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a blended educational intervention based on the health belief model (HBM) about COVID-19 on teachers' preventive behavior.
Materials & Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on female teachers in four districts affiliated with Education Organization Karaj Iran. Then, one of these two districts was assigned to the intervention group (n=70) and the other to the control group (n=70) by the lottery method. The educational intervention was conducted via three online platforms. Our intervention was named BEHTA. It included a specifically designed website, holding virtual and group discussion classes, and using a popular social network messenger.
Findings: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups before training (p>0.05) but immediately and 12 weeks after training, the two groups had a statistically significant difference in all constructs (p<0.05). In the control group, the mean score of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy did not differ significantly (p>0.05), but the mean score of behavior decreased (p=0.027).
Conclusion: The educational intervention improves all constructs regarding COVID-19 in the intervention group.

Abstract Aims: This study aimed to design and psychometric a tool for measuring the knowledge, beliefs, and behavior of teachers regarding COVID-19 preventive behaviors.
Instrument & Methods: The goal was to create a tool that may be used to create an educational intervention that promotes preventive behaviors. A 60-item scale regarding COVID-19 preventive behaviors was developed upon literature review. Then, face and content validity were evaluated using quantitative and qualitative methods, through the involvement of the participants and expert panel. The internal consistency and reliability were assessed and approved using Cronbach's alpha index and test-retest.
Findings: The face and content validity of the primarily developed scale was confirmed by item impacts of 1.5, 0.49 CVR, and 0.79 CVI, and the number of items dropped to 60. The reliability of the instrument was approved by Cronbach's alpha of 0.67 to 0.95 and a correlation coefficient of 0.65 to 0.93.
Conclusion: Based on the results, the scale that was developed using the constructs of the HBM for COVID-19 preventive behaviors among teachers had appropriate validity and reliability.

Abstract Aims: This research aimed at designing and psychometric properties of a questionnaire for health-worker skills evaluation to obtain a self-care program for pre-diabetic patients.
Instrument & Methods: The questionnaire's psychometric properties were evaluated utilizing face validity by 15 health workers, content validity was evaluated by ten experts (5 health education and health promotion experts, three diabetes experts, and two general practitioners), and construct validity, internal consistency, and stability were assessed by 400 health workers who were randomly selected.
Findings: Due to the results of investigating the texts and interviews, the initial questionnaire, including 54 phrases, was presented. In the face validity section, eight expressions were removed quantitatively. Then, in identifying content validity, three other words were deleted, and the questionnaire was reduced to 43 phrases in general. This questionnaire's exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors: self-efficacy, attitude, reinforcing factors, and enabling factors. These four factors explained 57.51% of the total variance of the test. The confirmatory factor analysis results also confirmed the factors of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. Cronbach's alpha and intra-cluster correlation index for questionnaire structures ranged from 0.87-0.88 and 0.87-0.88, respectively.
Conclusion: The designed questionnaire has good validity and reliability.