Health Education and Health Promotion

Abstract Aims: This study aimed to design and evaluate the validity and reliability of a questionnaire regarding sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS knowledge among undergraduate university students in Iran.
Instrument & Methods: This research was conducted in 2018 among university students in Tehran, Iran. The questionnaire was designed to measure knowledge of sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS by reviewing the relevant literature and consulting expert panels for item production in the initial step. The next step was to assess the instrument’s face and content validity. The internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) and interclass correlation coefficient were used to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire.
Findings: The face validity of the developed scale was considered appropriate, with an impact score greater than 1.5. The content validity, measured through the content validity index and content validity ratio for knowledge items related to sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS, varied from 0.80 to 1. The Cronbach’s α was 0.88 for sexually transmitted infection knowledge items and 0.86 for HIV/AIDS knowledge items. The interclass correlation coefficient values for the sexually transmitted infection and HIV/AIDS knowledge items were 0.86 and 0.85, respectively, indicating satisfactory reliability outcomes.
Conclusion: The questionnaire on sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS knowledge for Iranian young adults demonstrates satisfactory validity and reliability.

Abstract Aims: This research aimed to clarify knowledge sharing in texts related to the healthcare system.
Information & Methods: This systematized review was conducted across six databases, including MEDLINE (via PubMed), WOS, Scopus, Embase, ERIC, and ProQuest, without time limitations until 2023. After removing duplicates and screening articles, 36 were included for qualitative content analysis using conventional methods.
Findings: After merging and categorizing the codes, the analysis identified five main categories: 'Nature of Shared Knowledge', 'Ways of Knowledge Sharing', 'Factors Involved in Organizational and Inter-Organizational Knowledge Sharing Events', 'Consequences of Knowledge Sharing', and 'Barriers to Knowledge Sharing'.
Conclusion: Various healthcare system knowledge types are shared through formal and informal channels, either in person or virtually. Organizational and technological components contribute to knowledge sharing at both organizational and inter-organizational levels, resulting in positive individual, organizational, and therapeutic outcomes.

Abstract Aims: Health-promoting behaviors have a major role in healthcare. The present study was conducted to assess health-promoting behaviors and its related factors in Iranian female household heads based on Pender's model.
Materials & Methods: The present cross-sectional study recruited 106 female household heads selected according to census sampling from Gonabad Health Centers, eastern Iran, from January to August in 2015. Data were collected using the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II) and a researcher-made cognitive and emotional factors questionnaire based on Pender's model. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16, using descriptive and analytical tests, including ANOVA and independent student t-test.
Findings: Participants' statistical mean age was 40.16±7.21 years, and most of them (61 women, 57.5%) were widowed and the rest were divorced. The statistical mean score of health-promoting behaviors was 123.16±20.42, in moderate level, and showed significant relationships with cognitive and emotional factors of self-efficacy, barriers, and interpersonal relationships (p<0.05). Among health-promoting behaviors, spiritual growth had the highest Statistical mean score (24.91±5.3), and physical activity (12.83±3.5) and stress management (17.83±3.9) the lowest mean score.
Conclusion: Health-promoting behaviors in Iranian female household heads need improvement. The results can be used by these women and the healthcare system to identify related factors and develop interventions for modifying health-promoting lifestyles.