Volume 10, Issue 2 (2022)
Health Educ Health Promot 2022, 10(2): 333-340 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Sadeghian E, Bashirian S, Soltanian A, Taheri M, Madineshat M. Relationship between Mental health, Perception of Illness, and Perceived Social Support in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19. Health Educ Health Promot 2022; 10 (2) :333-340
URL: http://hehp.modares.ac.ir/article-5-55003-en.html
URL: http://hehp.modares.ac.ir/article-5-55003-en.html
1- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery” and “Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center”, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
2- “Department of Public Health, School of Health” and “Social Determinants of Health Research Center”, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
3- “Department of Biostatistics, School of Health” and “Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Health Sciences & Technology Research Institute”, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
4- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
2- “Department of Public Health, School of Health” and “Social Determinants of Health Research Center”, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
3- “Department of Biostatistics, School of Health” and “Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Health Sciences & Technology Research Institute”, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
4- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Abstract: (866 Views)
Aims: Patients after diagnosis of COVID-19 may have psychological problems. Illness perceptions and social support can play an important role in individuals’ health and the effects of stress. This study aimed to determine the relationship between mental health, perception of illness, and perceived social support in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19.
Instrument & Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2020. 143 patients with coronavirus who met the inclusion criteria participated in this study. Inclusion criteria are age over 18 years, full consciousness, lack of physical and mental disabilities, diagnosis of coronavirus with the approval of an infectious disease specialist, no history of mental disorders, and the ability to communicate with the researcher. Data collection tools were the 21-item depression, anxiety, and stress scale, Zimet’s multidimensional scale of perceived social support, and the brief illness perception questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS 26 using independent t-test, ANOVA, Spearman correlation coefficient, and multivariate regression.
Findings: The mean score of depression, anxiety, and stress for all participants with coronavirus was 8.12±7.12, 11.74±6.02, and 13.92±6.80, respectively. In total, 30.1% of the participants had high illness perception and 59.4% had high social support levels. The multiple linear regression model showed illness perception and social support were associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Drug history was associated with depression and anxiety. Oxygen saturation was associated with anxiety and stress (p<0.05).
Conclusion: In general depression, anxiety, and stress in patients with Covid 19 are associated with the perception of illness and social support, which is more strongly associated with social support.
Instrument & Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2020. 143 patients with coronavirus who met the inclusion criteria participated in this study. Inclusion criteria are age over 18 years, full consciousness, lack of physical and mental disabilities, diagnosis of coronavirus with the approval of an infectious disease specialist, no history of mental disorders, and the ability to communicate with the researcher. Data collection tools were the 21-item depression, anxiety, and stress scale, Zimet’s multidimensional scale of perceived social support, and the brief illness perception questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS 26 using independent t-test, ANOVA, Spearman correlation coefficient, and multivariate regression.
Findings: The mean score of depression, anxiety, and stress for all participants with coronavirus was 8.12±7.12, 11.74±6.02, and 13.92±6.80, respectively. In total, 30.1% of the participants had high illness perception and 59.4% had high social support levels. The multiple linear regression model showed illness perception and social support were associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Drug history was associated with depression and anxiety. Oxygen saturation was associated with anxiety and stress (p<0.05).
Conclusion: In general depression, anxiety, and stress in patients with Covid 19 are associated with the perception of illness and social support, which is more strongly associated with social support.
Keywords: Stress [MeSH], Anxiety [MeSH], Depression [MeSH], Illness Behavior [MeSH], Social Support [MeSH]
Article Type: Descriptive & Survey |
Subject:
Social Health
Received: 2021/09/21 | Accepted: 2022/03/11 | Published: 2022/06/15
Received: 2021/09/21 | Accepted: 2022/03/11 | Published: 2022/06/15
References
1. Yue C, Liu C, Wang J, Zhang M, Wu H, Li C, et al. Association between social support and anxiety among pregnant women in the third trimester during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in Qingdao, China: The mediating effect of risk perception. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;67(2):120-7. [Link] [DOI:10.1177/0020764020941567]
2. Nemati M, Ebrahimi B, Nemati F. Assessment of Iranian nurses' knowledge and anxiety toward COVID-19 during the current outbreak in Iran. Arch Clin Infect Dis. 2020;15:e102848. [Link] [DOI:10.5812/archcid.102848]
3. World Heath Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Situation dashboard [Internet]. Geneva: World Heath Organization. 2020 [Cited 2021 Mar 1]. Available from: https://covid19.who.int/region/euro/country/ru. [Link]
4. Fardin MA. COVID-19 and anxiety: A review of psychological impacts of infectious disease outbreaks. Arch Clin Infect Dis. 2020;15:e102779. [Link] [DOI:10.5812/archcid.102779]
5. Liu K, Chen Y, Wu D, Lin R, Wang Z, Pan L. Effects of progressive muscle relaxation on anxiety and sleep quality in patients with COVID-19. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2020;39:101132. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101132]
6. Li W, Yang Y, Liu ZH, Zhao YJ, Zhang Q, Zhang L, et al. Progression of Mental Health Services during the COVID-19 Outbreak in China. Int J Biol Sci. 2020;16(10):1732-8. [Link] [DOI:10.7150/ijbs.45120]
7. Carvalho PMM, Moreira MM, de Oliveira MNA, Landim JMM, Neto MLR. The psychiatric impact of the novel coronavirus outbreak. Psychiatry Res. 2020;286:112902. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112902]
8. Devi S. COVID-19 exacerbates violence against health workers. Lancet 2020;396(10252):658. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31858-4]
9. McKay D, Heisler M, Mishori R, Catton H, Kloibe O. Attacks against health-care personnel must stop, especially as the world fights COVID-19. Lancet 2020;395(10239):1743-5. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31191-0]
10. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(5):1729. [Link] [DOI:10.3390/ijerph17051729]
11. Al-Rabiaah A, Temsah MH, Al-Eyadhy AA, Hasan GM, Al-Zamil F, Al-Subaie S, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome-corona virus (MERS-CoV) associated stress among medical students at a university teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health. 2020;13(5):687-61. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.jiph.2020.01.005]
12. Shokri A, Moradi G, Piroozi B, Darvishi S, Amirihosseini S, Veysi A, et al. Perceived stress due to COVID-19 in Iran: Emphasizing the role of social networks. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2020;34:55. [Link] [DOI:10.47176/mjiri.34.55]
13. Cheraghi MA, DavariDolatabadi E. Development and psychometric evaluation of the heart failure patients'perceived social support inventory. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci. 2016;15(3):195-208. [Persian] [Link]
14. Nasiri F, Abdolmaleki S. Explaining therelationship between perceived social support and quality of life, perceived stress mediator role in female-headed households in Sanandaj. J Appl Sociol. 2016;64(4):99-116. [Persian] [Link]
15. Kandeger A, Aydın M, Altınbas K, Cansız A, Tan O, Tomar Bozkurt H, et al. Evaluation of the relationship between perceived social support, coping strategies, anxiety, and depression symptoms among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2020;56(4):240-54. [Link] [DOI:10.1177/0091217420982085]
16. Brodbent E, Petrie KJ, Main J, WeinmanJ. The brief illness perception questionnaire. J Psychosom Res. 2006;60(6):631-7. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.10.020]
17. Soleimani M, Azeemian S, Younesi SJ. Relation beween perception of illness and copying styles with stress among mothers of children with type1 diabetes. Iran j Diabetes Metab. 2015;14(3):209-17. [Persian] [Link]
18. Alcorso J, Sherman KA. Factors associated with psychological distress in women with breast cancer-related lymphoedema. Psychooncology. 2016;25(7):865-72. [Link] [DOI:10.1002/pon.4021]
19. Westbrook TD, Maddocks K, Andersen BL. The relation of illness perceptions to stress, depression, and fatigue in participants with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Psychol Health. 2016;31(7):891-902. [Link] [DOI:10.1080/08870446.2016.1158259]
20. Miceli J, Geller D, Tsung A, Lynn Hecht C, Wang Y, et al. Illness perceptions and perceived stress in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer. Psychooncology. 2019;28(7):1513-9. [Link] [DOI:10.1002/pon.5108]
21. Lovibond SH, Lovibond PF. Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales. Sydney: Psychology Foundation of Australia; 1996. [Link] [DOI:10.1037/t01004-000]
22. Aghebati N. Effects of touch therapy on pain and psychiatric symptoms (Depression, anxiety and stress) of cancers patients. Tehran: Tarbiat Modares University; 2005. [Persian] [Link]
23. Khezerloo S, Habibzadeh H, Rasouli D, rahmani A, Ahangarzadeh Rezai S. Effect of video information on anxiety level and hemodynamic parameters of patients undergoing coronary angiography. Nurs Midwifery J. 2018;16(4):295-302. [Persian] [Link]
24. Zimet GD, Dahlem NW, Zimet SG, Farley GK. The multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS). J Person Assess. 1988;52(1):30-41. [Link] [DOI:10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2]
25. Alipour A, Aliakbari Dehkordi M, Amini F, Hashemi Jashni A. Relationship between perceived social support and adherence of treatment in Diabetes mellitus type 2: mediating role of resillency and hope. Q J Psychol Health Res. 2016;2(2):53-67. [Persian] [Link]
26. Aliakbari Dehkurdi M, Alipour A, Zareh H, Shahidi G, Barghi Irani Z. The effectiveness of cognitive- behavioral therapy with old people (CBTO) on general health parameters in patients who suffered from parkinson disease. J Manag Syst. 2013;8(30):97-122. [Persian] [Link]
27. Chen Y, Huang X, Zhang C, An Y, Liang Y, Yang Y, et al. Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in China. BMC Psychiatry. 2021;21(1):80. [Link] [DOI:10.1186/s12888-021-03076-7]
28. Assefa B. Prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in St.peter specialized hospital treatment centers. J Psychiatry. 2020;23(14). [Link]
29. Kong X, Zheng K, Tang M, Kong F, Zhou J, Diao L, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. BMJ Yale. 2020. [Link] [DOI:10.1101/2020.03.24.20043075]
30. Rogers D, Pies R. General medical with depression drugs associated. Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2008;5(12):28-41. [Link]
31. Celano CM, Freudenreich O, Fernandez-Robles C, Stern TA, Caro MA, Huffman JC. Depressogenic effects of medications: a review. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2011;13(1):109-25. [Link] [DOI:10.31887/DCNS.2011.13.1/ccelano]
32. Pinar G, Okdem S, Buyukgonenc L, Ayhan A. The relationship between social support and the level of anxiety, depression, and quality of life of Turkish women with gynecologic cancer. Cancer nurs. 2012;35(3):229-35. [Link] [DOI:10.1097/NCC.0b013e31822c47bd]
33. Han B, Yan B, Zhang J, Zhao N, Sun J, Li C, et al. The influence of the social support on symptoms of anxiety and depression among patients with silicosis. Sci World J. 2014;2014:724804. [Link] [DOI:10.1155/2014/724804]
34. Akintayo RO, Odunlami GJ, Bamidele OF, Fabiyi EP, Akintayo FC, Bamidele OV, et al. The impacts of state and trait anxiety as moderated by perceived social support among Nigerian patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Reumatologia. 2018;56(3):155-63. [Link] [DOI:10.5114/reum.2018.76903]
35. Aneshensel CS, Stone JD. Stress and depression: a test of the buffering model of social support. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1982;39(12):1392-6. [Link] [DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290120028005]
36. Wang X, Cai L, Qian J, Peng J. Social support moderates stress effects on depression. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2014;8(1):41. [Link] [DOI:10.1186/1752-4458-8-41]
37. Paykani T, Zimet GD, Esmaeili R, Khajedaluee AR, Khajedaluee M. Perceived social support and compliance with stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 outbreak: evidence from Iran. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1650. [Link] [DOI:10.1186/s12889-020-09759-2]
38. Jalaei T, Astanegi S, Rahmati M, Salari N. The survey of percived social support status and its relation to fear and anxiety of CABG csndidate patient's in Imam Ali's Hospital of Kermanshah. J Urmia Nurs Midwifery Fac. 2018;16(5):354-63. [Persian] [Link]
39. Shokri O, Kormi Nouri R, Naghi Farahani M, Moradi A. Cross-cultural validation of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support among Iranian and Swedish university students. Iran J Cultl Res. 2016;9(2):75-100. [Persian] [Link]
40. Roohafza HR, Afshar H, Keshteli AH, Mohammadi N, Feizi A, Taslimi M, et al. What's the role of perceived social support and coping styles in depression and anxiety?. J Res Med Sci. 2014;19(10):944-9. [Link]
41. Li X, Lyu H. Epidemic risk perception, perceived stress, and mental health during covid-19 pandemic: a moderated mediating model. Front Psychol. 2021;11:563741. [Link] [DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.563741]
42. Zandifar A, Badrfam R, Yazdani S, Arzaghi SM, Rahimi F, Ghasem S, et al. Prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, stress and perceived stress in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2020;19(2):1431-8. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s40200-020-00667-1]
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |