Investigation of Preventive Behaviors of Early Childhood Caries among Mothers Referring to Comprehensive Health Service Centers in Ahvaz, Iran

Document Type : Descriptive & Survey

Authors
S.Z. Marashi
H. Shahbazi
A. Heidarnia
Health Education and Health Promotion Department, Medical Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a worldwide disease increasing in many developing countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive behaviors of early childhood caries among mothers referring to comprehensive health service centers in Ahvaz.

Instruments & Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was performed among 318 mothers with infants from 6 months to one-year-old in 2020. The method of data collection was a researcher-made questionnaire whose reliability and validity were confirmed. It included demographic information and questions about measuring awareness, attitude, self-efficacy, and performance in early childhood caries' preventive behaviors among mothers referring to comprehensive health service centers in Ahvaz. The data were analyzed by statistical tests such as ANOVA, t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS statistical software.

Findings: The results showed that the mean scores of mothers' awareness were 6.23±1.86, the attitude was 38.48±4.85, self-efficacy was 20.91±3.14, and performance was 5.53±2.19. There was a significant correlation between awareness, attitude, self-efficacy, and performance. There was also a significant relationship between parents' awareness and education and the mother's job (p<0.05).

Conclusions: The mothers' awareness and performance are at a moderate level. Therefore, in the Health Service Centers, it is necessary to consider mothers' awareness and performance with infants from 6 months to one-year-old, when the baby's first teeth grew.

Keywords

Subjects

  1. 1-SS T. The Survey of Oral-Dental Health of Elementary School Students of Tehran City and its Related Factors. Military Caring Sciences Journal. 2018;5(2):137-45
    2-Kameli S, Mehdipour A, Montazeri Hedeshi R, Nourelahi M. Evaluation of parental knowledge, attitudes and practices in preschool children on importance of primary teeth and some related factors among subjects attending semnan university of medical sciences dental clinic. Koomesh. 2017:191-8.
    3- Basheer A, Jaidka S. Prevalence of dental caries in school children aged 5 to 16 years. Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research. 2019;7(10):24-6
    4-Masumo RM, Ndekero TS, Carneiro LC. Prevalence of dental caries in deciduous teeth and oral health related quality of life among preschool children aged 4-6 years in Kisarawe, Tanzania. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20(1):46.
    5-Goodarzi A, TAVAFFIAN S, HEIDARNIA A, Ziaoddini H. HEALTH LITERACY AND ORAL HEALTH IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS OF DISTRICT 14 IN TEHRAN, IRAN. 2016.
    6-Llena C, Leyda A, Forner L. CPP-ACP and CPP-ACFP versus fluoride varnish in remineralisation of early caries lesions. A prospective study. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2015;16(3):181-6
    7-Kubota Y, San Pech N, Durward C, Ogawa H. Early childhood caries status and its associated factors among young children in a rural area of Cambodia. Pediatric Dental Journal. 2020
    R l. Policy on early childhood caries ECC: Classification, Consequences, and Preventive Strategies. 2016.8-
    9-Nguyen UN, Rowe DJ, Barker JC. Survey of Knowledge, Beliefs, and Behaviors of Migrant Vietnamese Parents Regarding Young Children's Oral Health. American Dental Hygienists' Association. 2017;91(2):45-53
    Baby bottle and Tooth Decay. The Aga khan University Hospital. 2017.10-
    11-Fauzia RA, Permatasari RF, Lee P, Badruddin IA, Setiawati F. Factors Related to Dental Caries in Children (3-5 Years) at Grogol Utara, South Jakarta. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research. 2019;12(4):1457-62.
    12-Arefi AH, Shamsaddin H, Balvardi M, Poureslami H, Danesh M, Sayadizadeh M. Evaluation of parents’ views about etiologic factors of severe early childhood caries: A qualitative study. Journal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects. 2019;13(1):43.
    13-Taormina M, Montal S, Maitre Y, Tramini P, Moulis E. Perception of Dental Caries and Parental Difficulties in Implementing Oral Hygiene for Children Aged Less Than 6 Years: A Qualitative Study. Dentistry Journal. 2020;8(3):62.
    14-Duangthip D, Chen KJ, Gao SS, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Managing early childhood caries with atraumatic restorative treatment and topical silver and fluoride agents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017;14(10):1204.
    15-Datta S, Chaki N, Modak B. Neutrosophic Set-Based Caries Lesion Detection Method to Avoid Perception Error. SN Computer Science. 2020;1(1):63
    16-Cheng JK, Faniyan A, Chan Yuen J, Myers T, Fleck M, Burgess J, et al. Changes in Oral Health Behaviors Associated With a Nursing Intervention in Primary Care. Global pediatric health. 2019. (6). 1-12
    17-Pawar P, Kashyap N, Anand R. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Mothers Related to their Oral Health Status of 6-12 Years Old Children in Bhilai City, Chhattisgarh, India.European Scientific journal. 2018.21(14). 1857-7881
    . 18- Moimaz S, Borges HC, Saliba O, Garbin C, Saliba NA. Early childhood caries: epidemiology, severity and sociobehavioural determinants. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2016;14(1):77-83
    19-Moslemi M, Mollasdollah F, Akbari F, Sadrabad K, Fatahdost M. Effect of education on knowledge, attitude and performance of mothers regarding oral hygiene of their 6-12 year old children. EC Dent Sci. 2017;12:237-44
    20-Mazaheri R FNN, ghaffari E, Alamdarloo Y, Ghazalgoo A. Knowledge, attitudes and performance of mothers of children aged 1-3 years regarding oral health and early childhood caries in shiraz. journal isfahan Dent school 2016;12(3):248-59
    21-Mehdipour A, Montazeri Hedeshi R, Asayesh H, Karimi A, Omidi Kopayee R, Asgari H. Evaluation of knowledge, attitudes and performance of the parents of preschool and primary school children referred to health centers of Qom city about the importance of preserving primary teeth and its related factors, Iran. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal. 2016;10(6):94-105
    22-Khoshnevisan MH, Shariatpanahi SP, Sadeghipour-Roudsari M, Namdari M, Niknejad F, Malek-Mohammadi M. Influence of maternal oral healthcare behavior during childhood on children’s oral health care during adolescence. Journal of Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology. 2020;9(1):45-53
    23-Sabbagh HJ, Alghamdi DS, Almutairi WM, Alshahrani SA, Alghamdi AS. Knowledge and Practices for Early Childhood Caries Prevention among Parents of the Children Visiting King Abdulaziz University Pediatric Dental Clinics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Contemporary Dentistry. 2019.2(9). 53-58
    24-Dhull KS, Dutta B, Devraj IM, Samir P. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of mothers towards infant oral healthcare. International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry. 2018;11(5):435
    25- Mohebbi Z, Simin, Razeghi, Nejad S. Investigating the status of awareness and sources of mothers' information about the oral health of preschool children in a less privileged area. Iranian Pediatric Dentistry. 2015; 10 (2): 89-94
    26-Shirzad M, Taghdisi MH, Dehdari T, Abolghasemi J. The effect of educational intervention in changing mothers’ attitudes, perceived self-efficacy and perceived barriers regarding oral health of preschool children Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion. 2015;3(3):181-7
    27- Sogi HS, Hugar S, Nalawade TM, Sinha A, Hugar S, Mallikarjuna RM . Knowledge, attitude, and practices of oral health care in prevention of early childhood caries among parents of children in Belagavi city: A Questionnaire study. Journal of family medicine and primary care. 2016;5(2):286-290
    28-Neupaul P, Mahomed O. Influence of Parents’ Oral Health Knowledge and Attitudes on Oral Health Practices of Children (5-12 Years) in a Rural School in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa: A Cross Sectional Survey. 2020
    29-razi t, shamsi m, khorsandi m, ROOZBEHANI N, ranjbaran m. education and self-efficacy of Mothers Regarding Alerting signs in children Less than five Years in Arak, Iran. 2016
    30-Soltani R, Ali Eslami A, Mahaki B, Alipoor M, Sharifirad G. Do maternal oral health-related self-efficacy and knowledge influence oral hygiene behavior of their children? International Journal of Pediatrics. 2016;4(7):2035-42
    31-Wilson AR, Mulvahill MJ, Tiwari T. The impact of maternal self-efficacy and oral health beliefs on early childhood caries in Latino children. Frontiers in public health. 2017;5:228
    32-FAEZI M, REJEH N, HOJJATI A, HOJJATI R. DETERMINATION OF THE MOTHERS’KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE ABOUT ORODENTAL HEALTH OF THEIR 1-6 YEARS CHILDREN IN REGIONS 3 AND 16 OF TEHRAN IN 2015. Scientific-Research journal of Shahed university. 2017. N0:127. 7-15
    33-Mubeen N, Nisar N. Mother’s Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding dental caries and oral hygiene among children (age 1 To 5 years) in Civil Hospital, Karachi. Int J Dent Oral Health. 2015;2(4):1-6
    34- Jain R, Oswal KC, Chitguppi R. Knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers toward their children’s oral health: A questionnaire survey among subpopulation in Mumbai (India). J Dent Res Sci Develop. 2014;1(2):40-5
    35-Salama AA, Konsowa EM, Alkalash SH. Mothers' knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding their primary school children's oral hygiene. Menoufia Medical Journal. 2020;33(1):11
  2. Goodarzi A, Hidarnia A, Tavafian SS, Eslami M. The survey of oral-dental health of elementary school students of Tehran city and its related factors. J Mil Caring Sci. 2018;5(2):137-45. [Persian] [Link] [DOI:10.29252/mcs.5.2.137]
  3. Kameli S, Mehdipour A, Montazeri Hedeshi R, Nourelahi M. Evaluation of parental knowledge, attitudes and practices in preschool children on importance of primary teeth and some related factors among subjects attending Semnan university of medical sciences dental clinic. Koomesh. 2017;19(1):191-8. [Persian] [Link]
  4. Basheer A, Jaidka S. Prevalence of dental caries in school children 5 to 16 years. J Adv Med Dent Sci Res. 2019;7(10):24-6. [Link]
  5. Masumo RM, Ndekero TS, Carneiro LC. Prevalence of dental caries in deciduous teeth and oral health related quality of life among preschool children aged 4-6 years in Kisarawa, Tanzania. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20:46. [Link] [DOI:10.1186/s12903-020-1032-x]
  6. Goodarzi A, Tavaffian SS, Heidarnia AR, Ziaoddini H. Health literacy and oral health in primary school student of district 14 in Tehran, Iran. J Mil Caring Sci. 2016;2(4):229-37. [Persian] [Link] [DOI:10.18869/acadpub.mcs.2.4.229]
  7. Llena C, Leyda AM, Forner L. CPP-ACP and CPP-ACFP versus fluoride varnish in remineralisation of early caries lesions, a prospective study. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2015;16(3):181-6. [Link]
  8. Kubota Y, San Pech N, Durward C, Ogawa H. Early childhood caries status and its associated factors among young children in a rural area of Cambodia. Pediatr Dent J. 2020;30(1):17-23. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.pdj.2019.11.003]
  9. Policy on early childhood caries (ECC): Classification, consequences, and preventive strategies. Pediatr Dent. 2016;38(6):52-4. [Link]
  10. Karami A, Heidarnia A, Zarei F. Comparison of peer led and teacher led oral health educational program among students. Braz J Oral Sci. 2019;18:191626. [Link] [DOI:10.20396/bjos.v18i0.8657260]
  11. Nguyen UN, Rowe DJ, Barker JC. Survey of knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors of migrant vietnamese parents regarding young children's oral health. J Dent Hyg. 2017;91(2):45-53. [Link]
  12. Mohebbi SZ, Rabiei S, Yazdani R, Virtanen I. Investigation of the self-confidence of family physicians and primary care providers regarding dental caries diagnosis and oral health counselling and the associated factors. J Mashhad Dent Sch. 2019;43(1):33-44. [Persian] [Link]
  13. Agakhan University Hospital. Baby bottle and tooth decay [Internet]. Karachi: The Agakhan University Hospital; 2017 [Unknwon Cited]. Available from: https://ecommons.aku.edu/nutrition_update/23/ [Link]
  14. Badruddin IA, Setiawati F, Fauzia RA, Permatasari RF, Lee P. Factors related to dental caries in children (3-5 years) at Grogol Utara, south Jakarta. J Int Dent Med Res. 2019;12(4):1457-62. [Link]
  15. Arefi AH, Shamsaddin H, Balvardi M, Poureslami H, Danesh M, Sayadizadeh M. Evaluation of parents' views about etiologic factors of severe early childhood caries: A qualitative study. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2019;13(1):43-50. [Link] [DOI:10.15171/joddd.2019.007]
  16. Taormina M, Montal S, Maitre Y, Tramini P, Moulis E. Perception of dental caries and parental difficulties in implementing oral hygiene for children aged less than 6 years: A qualitative study. Dent J. 2020;8(3):62. [Link] [DOI:10.3390/dj8030062]
  17. Duangthip D, Chen KJ, Gao SS, Lo ECM, Chu HC. Managing early childhood caries with atraumatic restorative treatment and topical silver and fluoride agents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(10):1204. [Link] [DOI:10.3390/ijerph14101204]
  18. Datta S, Chaki N, Modak B. Neutrosophic set-based caries lesion detection method to avoid perception error. SN Computer Sci. 2020;1:63. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s42979-020-0066-0]
  19. Cheng JK, Faniyan A, Yuen JC, Myers T, Fleck M, Burgess J, et al. Changes in oral health behaviors associated with a nursing intervention in primary care. Glob Pediatr Health. 2019;(6):1-12. [Link] [DOI:10.1177/2333794X19845923]
  20. Pawar P, Kashyap N, Anand R. Knowledge, attitude, and practices of mothers related to their oral health status of 6-12 years old children in Bhilai city, Chhattisgarh, India. Eur Sci J. 2018;14(21):248-60. [Link] [DOI:10.19044/esj.2018.v14n21p248]
  21. Moimaz SAS, Borges HC, Saliba O, Garbin CAS, Saliba NA. Early childhood caries: Epidemiology, severity and sociobehavioural determinants. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2016;14(1):77-83. [Link]
  22. Moslemi M, Mollasdollah F, Akbari F, Khalili Sadrabad Z, Fatahdost M. Effect of education on knowledge, attitude and performance of mothers regarding oral hygiene of their 6-12 year old children. EC Dent Sci. 2017;12:237-44. [Link]
  23. Mazaheri R, Feizi Najafi N, Ghaffari E, Alamdarloo Y, Ghazalgoo A. Knowledge, attitudes and performance of mothers of children aged 1-3 years regarding oral health and early childhood caries in Shiraz. J Isfahan Dent Sch. 2016;12(3):248-59. [Persian] [Link]
  24. Mehdipour A, Montazeri Hedeshi R, Asayesh H, Karimi A, Omidi Kopayee R, Asgari H. Evaluation of knowledge, attitudes and performance of the parents of preschool and primary school children referred to health centers of Qom city about the importance of preserving primary teeth and its related factors, Iran. Qom Univ Med Sci J. 2016;10(6):94-105. [Persian] [Link]
  25. Khoshnevisan MH, Shariatpanahi SP, Sadeghipour-Roudsari M, Namdari M, Niknejad F, Malek-Mohammadi M. Influence of maternal oral healthcare behavior during childhood on children's oral health care during adolescence. J Oral Health Oral Epidemiol. 2020;9(1):45-53. [Persian] [Link]
  26. Sabbagh HJ, Alghamdi DS, Almutairi WM, Alshahrani SA, Alghamdi AS. Knowledge and practices for early childhood caries prevention among parents of the children visiting king abdulaziz university pediatric dental clinics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. J Contemp Dent. 2019;2(9):53-8. [Link] [DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1253]
  27. Dhull KS, Dutta B, Devraj IM, Samir PV. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of mothers towards infant oral healthcare. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2018;11(5):435-9. [Link] [DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1553]
  28. Mohebbi SZ, Razeghi S, Soleiman Nejad H. Investigating the status of awareness and sources of mothers information about the oral health of preschool children in a less privileged area. Iran J Pediatr Dent. 2015;10(2):89-94. [Persian] [Link] [DOI:10.29252/ijpd.10.2.89]
  29. Shirzad M, Taghdisi MH, Dehdari T, Abdolghasemi J. The effect of educational intervention in changing mothers attitudes, perceived self- efficacy and perceived barriers regarding oral health of preschool children. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot. 2015;3(3):181-7. [Persian] [Link]
  30. Sogi HPS, Hugar SM, Nalawade TM, Sinha A, Hugar S, Mallikarjuna RM. Knowledge, attitude, and practices of oral health care in prevention of early childhood caries among parents of children in Belagavi city: A questionnaire study. J Family Med Prim Care. 2016;5(2):286-90. [Link] [DOI:10.4103/2249-4863.192332]
  31. Neupaul P, Mahomed O. Influence of parents' oral health knowledge and attitudes on oral health practices of children (5-12 years) in a rural school in kwazulu Natal, South Africa. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2020;10(5):605-12. [Link] [DOI:10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_273_20]
  32. Razi T, Shamsi M, Khorsandi M, Roozbehani N, Ranjbaran M. Education and self-efficacy of mothers regarding alerting signs in children less than five Years in Arak, Iran. Avicenna J Nurs Midwifery care. 2016;24(1):1-8. [Persian] [Link] [DOI:10.20286/nmj-24015]
  33. Soltani R, Eslami AA, Mahaki B, Alipoor M, Sharifirad G. Do maternal oral health-related self-efficacy and knowledge influence oral hygiene behavior of their children?. Int J Pediatr. 2016;4(7):2035-42. [Link]
  34. Wilson AR, Mulvahill MJ, Tiwari T. The impact of maternal self-efficacy and oral health beliefs on early childhood caries in Latino children. Front Public Health. 2017;5:228. [Link] [DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2017.00228]
  35. Mubeen N, Nisar N. Mother's knowledge, attitude and practices regarding dental caries and oral hygiene among children (age 1 to 5 years) in civil hospital, Karachi. Int J Dent Oral Health. 2015;2(4):1-6. [Link] [DOI:10.16966/2378-7090.165]
  36. Faezi M, Rejeh N, Hojjati A, Hojjati R. Determination of the mothers knowledge, attitude, and practice about orodental health of their 1-6 years children in regions 3 and 16 of Tehran in 2015. Daneshvar Med. 2017;24(127):7-14. [Persian] [Link]
  37. Jain R, Oswal KC, Chitguppi R. Knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers toward their children's oral health: A questionnaire survey among subpopulation in Mumbai (India). J Dent Res Sci Dev. 2014;1(2):40-5. [Link] [DOI:10.4103/2348-3407.135073]
  38. Salama AA, Konsowa EM, Alkalash SH. Mother's knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding their primary school children's oral hygiene. Menoufia Med J. 2020;33(1):11-7. [Link] [DOI:10.4103/mmj.mmj_300_19]
Health Education and Health Promotion
Volume 8, Issue 4
Autumn 2020
Pages 167-172